43. 
upon the farm this type is anderlain by shale rock at a 
depth of about six feet. This is accounted for by the 
facy that as we go west we are climbing the old valley wall, 
and by the fact that the material here is thinner than 
out toward the middle of the old valley which is occupied 
chiefly by the Dunkirk clay. In the area mapped the 
Volusia loam is typically developed upon the uplands, 
but extends well down to the forelands of the old clacial lake. 
The surface of the soil is strewn with shale rragments, 
and erratie boulders are not Uncommon. Fine shale 
fragments form a large art of the soil. 
The material of which the soil is made is of glacial 
origin, and consists mainly of moraniec material of 
heterogenous composition. 
The Volusia loam is usually well drained, and a 
fairly easy soil to work. It does nob reyuire as much 
skill in its management as the clays and by farmers is 
eonsidered much more satisfactory. This type is usually 
considered a strong soil and when well treated gives 
excellent yields. It is adapted to all kinds of crops 
which are commonly srown in the region. Cereal croys give 
Large yields. Many times on the farm under consideration 
this type has given an average yield of thirty five bushels 
and more per acre of wheat. ouch a yield is not based 
upon good syots in a field, but the whole field gave this 
