SPRUCE BUDWORM AND WHITE PINE WEEVIL 145 
sparingly, and pass the winter as small, only partly grown cater- 
pillars. It is in the spring and early summer that their appetite 
seems most voracious and when they do the greatest damage. 
The feeding of the larve upon the developing tips of spruce or 
balsam usually completely kills them and as no more can be repro- 
duced until the following season the tree is greatly weakened. 
However, to completely kill the tree, it is necessary either that all 
or nearly all of the old leaves be also eaten, or that the destruc- 
tion of the buds shall continue several seasons, or that the greatly 
weakened tree shall be attacked by other insects, such as borers 
which complete the destruction. Thus but few trees are killed the 
first year of attack unless complete defoliation both of the new 
and old needles has resulted, but for the succeeding few years the 
results are cumulative, as each succeeding crop of new leaves is 
nearly entirely destroyed, while in the meantime the old ones are 
being lost in the natural way. When, however, bark beetles and 
bark weevils attack trees already weakened by nearly complete 
defoliation, as has been recently reported by Swaine in Canada, 
they find but little resistance to overcome and the trees readily 
succumb. 
In order to determine by personal observation the amount of 
damage done by the caterpillars, the writer spent a week in the 
forests of Piscataquis County, several days in the Rangeley Lake 
region, and another week in observation in the coast region from 
Bangor to Kittery Point. In the coast region the infestation is 
decidedly on the wane. Considerable damage has been done to the 
rather small more or less scrubby spruce upon the islands and 
points in the vicinity of Casco Bay, but indications are that the 
injuries by the budworm are nearly over for the present. On 
Harpswell Neck, which was visited in company with Professor J. 
M. Briscoe of the Forestry Department, many of the small scrubby 
spruce near the roadside had been partly or entirely defoliated when 
the observations were made (June 28-30), and some were in a dying 
condition. At this time many moths were on the wing and many 
pupz were still to be found attached to the defoliated twigs. 
However, a large percentage of the trees were only partially defo- 
liated and will undoubtedly recover. At several places the injured 
or killed spruce had been cut and converted into cord-wood which 
was piled along the roadside. 
The Rangeley region was visited early in September and here 
also the injury by the budworm seems to be on the decrease. Con- 
clusive evidence of its presence was found in the partly defoliated 
