SPRUCE BUDWORM AND WHITE PINE WEEVIL 149 
beyond recovery by the work of the caterpillars, and the beetles, 
when present, were secondary enemies, entering trees already dead 
or sure to die. 
Nearly all of the dead and dying spruce had their bark riddled 
by the burrows of the spruce bark beetle (Polygraphus rufipenhis 
Kirby). Several also contained the brood of Dryocoetes affaber 
Mannh (D. piceae Hopk.), another bark beetle attacking the trunk 
region, while the tops and limbs of several had been attacked by 
Eccoptogaster piceae Sw. The sawyer Monohammus scutellatus 
also breeds in the recently killed spruce although not in such num- 
bers as in balsam. In several dying spruce examined were found 
the larve and young adults of a weevil Pissodes nigrae living in 
bark not yet dead. There is little doubt that several of these 
beetles, including Polygraphus rufipenhis, Eccoptogaster piceae and 
Pissodes nigrae, often hasten the death of much weakened trees, 
and in some cases at least, insure the death of trees which would 
otherwise survive. 
One of the most encouraging observations made in connection 
with this infestation is that the destructive work of the budmoth 
larve is decidedly on the decrease. In the Chamberlain Lake and 
Telos Lake region comparatively few spruce trees and a much les- 
sened number of balsam frees have been killed during the past year, 
when compared with the numbers killed in 1917 and 1918. Another 
very cheering observation is the recuperative ability shown by the 
spruce especially. Trees which were known to have been nearly 
completely stripped last year and which then seemed almost cer- 
tainly doomed, showed a much improved condition during July of 
this past season and will certainly survive unless there is a recur- 
rence of the attack. Such a recurrence is not probable for some 
years as the parasites of. the caterpillars, together with other 
natural checks, seem to have the budworm under control. If past 
history repeats itself, as we have every reason for believing it will, 
there will be no widespread, serious injury for another period of 
from 20 to 40 years. It is likely, however, that during the next 
few years a few trees will continue to be killed in some localities, 
but there is no reason to expect such widespread devastation as 
has occurred since 1912. 
While it is undoubtedly possible to control the bud moth by 
spraying the affected trees in the spring with arsenate of lead (5 
Ibs. to 100 gals. of water), this is practical only for ornamental and 
park trees. The best results will probably be obtained by two 
sprayings at an interval of about ten days—the first to be done when 
