TEE4TMEXT OF BEE DISEASES. 



both diseases. These names ^ere in no way intended to designate 

 geographical di*^tribiition, <^ince both di'-eases did exist and do now 

 exi^t in both Europe and America, but ^^ere chosen primarily because 

 they were convenient and easily remembeied names. Their only 

 significance is in indicating where the di-^eases were first seriously 

 investigated. It was particularly desirable to change the name of 

 the disease now known as European foul brood, since " black brood " 

 entirelv fails to be descriptive and is misleading:. 



SYMPTOMS. 



The presence of a particular disease in a colony of bees can be 

 ascertained most reliably by a bacteriological examination, since the 

 s} mptoms are somewhat variable. It is possible, however, to describe 

 the usual manifestations of the diseases, and the usual differences, so 

 that the beekeeper can in most cases tell which disease is present. 



American "Foul Brood. 



American foul brood is frequently called simply "foul brood." 

 It usually shows itself in the larva just about the time that the larva 

 fills the cell and after it has ceased feeding and has begun pupation. 



Fig 2 —American foul brood a, 6, f, normal sealed cells ; 

 e, ), sunken cappmgs, showing perforations, g, sunken 

 capping not perforated ; %, I, m, n, q, r, larvae affected by 

 disease , e, %, p, s, scales formed from dried-down larvae , 

 (J, 0, pupae afifeeted by disease Three times natural size 

 (Original ) 



At this time it is sealed over in the comb (fig. 2, «, &, /). The first 

 indication of the infection is a slight brownish discoloration and 

 the loss of the well-rounded appearance of the normal larva (fig. 

 2, Z). At this stage the disease is not usually recognized by the bee- 



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