FOREST PROTECTION 



13 



IV. — Locality: Steep slope, loose soil and shifting sand suffer severely. 



V. — Species of animals: The animals may be arranged in the follow- 

 ing schedule, placing the damage done by a horse at 100: 



Horse or mule foal 150 



Horse or mule 100 



Yearling cattle 75 



Grown cattle 50 



Goats 25 



Sheep 10 



Since a goat weighs 80 lbs. and a horse 10 times as much, the dam- 

 age done by the goat is relatively great. In addition, goats prefer 

 woody shoots and buds to mere grass. 



The rates charged for forest pasture in Pisgah Forest correspond 



more or less with this schedule, viz: 



Horses 90 cents per head per month 



Cattle 50 cents per head per month 



Sheep . 10 cents per head per month 



In the pineries of the South, the lease receipts from pasture offset 

 the taxes frequently. Foals destroy pasture more by their mere 

 frolics than by their appetite. After Hundeshagen, 10 to 12J^ 

 acres of forest are required for the pasture of one head of cattle. 



VI. — Season of the year. Spring pasture is more destructive than 

 summer or fall pasture. 



D. — Closed Time. 



In Central Europe young woods are closed to pasturage for a number 

 of years. 



AGE OF WOODS WHEN PASTURE BEGINS, IN YEARS. 



SPECIES OP 

 ANIMALS 



Horses . 

 Cattle . . . 



HIGH FOREST, 

 BROAD LEAF 



HIGH FOREST, 

 CONIFERS 



18 to 24 



14 to 18 



12 to 20 

 9 to 16 



COPPICE 

 FOREST 



6 to 14 

 4 to 10 



E.- 



-Duration of Pasture 



In Western North Carolina, cattle are pastured in the woods from May 

 1st, to October 15th, whilst sheep and hogs are kept on pasture dur- 

 ing the entire year, fed only slightly after a heavy snow fall. 

 In the pineries of the South, cattle, sheep and hogs are kept in the woods 

 during the entire >ear. Cattle are fed slightly, in addition to the pas- 

 ture, during the four winter months. The much disputed pasture in 

 the Sierras and Cascades is used only during the three summer months 

 when the pasture in the lowlands dries out. 



