FOREST PROTECTION 33 



II. PROTECTION AGAINST INSECTS BORING IN WOOD 



AND TIMBER. 



A. Against ScoLYTiDiE ("Ambrosia Beetles")- 



(1) Remove infested trees or logs prior to swarming. 



(2) Cut low stumps, or poison or char the stumps. 



(3) Remove bark from all logs liable to be affected or throw the logs 

 into water. Do not leave in the woods any summer-felled logs. 



(4) Log all blow-downs and brules as rapidly as possible. 



(5) Have all parts of the woods continuously accessible to logging, by 

 establishing permanent means of transportation. 



(6) Prevent ruthless deadening by farmers. Girdle cypress, oak and 

 ash — preparatory to driving or rafting — after the swarming season of the 

 Scolytids. 



(7) In orchards or gardens, coat the treetrunks with dendrolene; spray 

 them with kerosene; plug the holes bored, leave a nail therein, or use a de- 

 terrent wash (compare Bureau of Forestry Bulletin No. 46, p. 66). 



(8) Do not leave any logs in the woods or in the log yard for any length 

 of time. In case of logging in spring and summer, peel off the bark. 



B. Against Lymexylonid^e and Brenthid^e. 



(1) Reproduce the chestnut from seedlings, not from sprouts. Re- 

 move dead limbs quickly, and cover the scar with tar. 



(2) Prevent the bark of the chestnut from being injured and opened 

 by fires, by the fall of neighboring trees, by axe wounds, etc. 



On the other hand, scarify a number of trees to be cut and removed in 

 the course of your operations in the near future. Strip off the bark in nar- 

 row bands, or blaze and hack through it as high as the axe will reach. Do 

 this towards the time when the chestnut begins to bloom. The swarming 

 insect deposits her eggs into the scars made, and all trees thus treated act 

 as trap trees. 



(3) Do not leave any cord wood or any logs of chestnut in the forest 

 after June 15, so as to remove insects contained therein before hatching. 



(4) Keep the forest dense, dark, moist, cool. 



C. Against Cerambycid^e (Round-headed Borers). 



(1) Cut in summer and peel the bark of the logs cut; or remove a hor- 

 izontal strip of bark along and on top of the log. The moisture gathering 

 in the gutter thus made prevents the grubs from developing. 



(2) Log rapidly after heavy conflagrations, blowdowns or plagues of 

 bark beetles. Readiness to remove dead timber minimizes the damage by 

 Cerambycids. If removal is impossible, throw the logs into water, char or 

 peel them. 



(3) For shade trees, prevent oviposition by a wash consisting of soap 

 and carbolic acid (compare Report N. Y. Forest, Fish and Game Commis- 

 sion, Vol. IV, p. 21). The borer-holes might be stopped with putty after 

 inserting a little carbon bisulphide (explosive). 



B 



