112 FOREST PROTECTION 



II. Kalmia and Rhododendron may be checked by burn- 

 ing. They sprout luxuriantly after such burn- 

 ing. They do not catch up, however, with the 

 more rapid development of the seedlings planted 

 at the same time. In other cases, it is better 

 to allow ivy and laurel to grow unharmed. The 

 stems when over 4" in diameter can be dead- 

 ened readily. 



III. Chinquapin may be deadened with crushing tongs 



in spring. 



IV. Dogwood may be deadened. Dogwood sprouts grow 



vigorously from the stumps; hence it will not 

 suffice to cut the dogwood with an axe. 



V. Large trees of black gum are skinned or deadened. 

 It is impossible to get rid of small shoots. 



VI. Hazel, Vaccinium and Azalea on mountain pastures 

 can be checked by the use of a colter, by re- 

 peated mowings or, possibly, by pasturing goats. 



VII. Blackberry is expelled by crushing its shoots or by 



skinning them between two pieces of timber. 

 VIII. Ferns should be decapitated in early spring. 



IX. Climbers {Clematis, Vitis, Ampelopsis and others) are 

 checked by cutting close to the ground. 



