THE JERSEY, ALDERNEY AND GUERNSEY COW, 73 



in calf. All the surface of the udder was varicose, 

 Interspersed with transverse veins. 



" Since that particular case drew our attention to this 

 mark, we have had opportunities of observing it on a 

 very great number of cows. M. CoUot also gives this 

 vein as one of the marks of excellent milkers. 



" The veins of the perinaeum, in the best milkers, form 

 a network beneath .the skin, which it raises up in a 

 greater or less degree. In some of the best cows, these 

 veins mark their position by a large knotted line, but 

 most frequently, in order to make them visible, it Is 

 necessary to use pressure across the skin at the base of 

 the perinaeum. The pressure causes them to swell, and 

 makes them discernible both by sight and touch. It is 

 even easy, by making the blood flow back towards the 

 vulva, to produce very apparent undulations. 



" We should always pay attention to these movement^ 

 of the blood, in order not to mistake the folds, some- 

 times exhibited by the skin of the perinaeum, for veins. 

 Error is especially to be feared in the case of fat cows, 

 on account of the fatty inflations which appear in the 

 perinseum. The veins buried In fat cannot be distin- 

 guished by the motions of the blood, which often are by 

 no means apparent. 



" In some cows, the vein Is found between two folds 



on each side of the perinaeum ; It Is there much less 



prominent than the folds, and becomes perceptible only 



by the fluctuation of the blood. 



"At other times (this Is when the perinaeum is united, 

 10 



