29, LAYING TILES. 
end of the beam. This will have a tendency to keep 
the point of the plow down, and a greater depth can 
be attained. The lower two feet will have to be re- 
moved by the spade, shovel and pickaxe. The ditch 
should only be opened a sufficient width to permit 
the man to work; keeping a gradual slope down- 
wards, and at the bottom only wide enough to admit 
the tile. 
Round pipes with collars are preferable, especial- 
ly if the sub-soil ig sandy. In localities where these 
cannot be had, the two-inch sole tiles are the second 
best shape for all lateral drains. When the ditch is 
completed, the bottom having the requisite fall to 
carry off the water, commence laying the tiles in the 
upper end of the drain. The joints should be 
brought close together, and it is better to place an 
inverted sod over each joint, or else a small quantity 
of hay or straw twisted. This prevents sand or fine 
silt from entering until the earth above the pipes 
becomes settled. Care should be taken that each tile 
has a firm position, if not, when the earth is placed 
on the top of it, the pipe will tilt to one side or the 
other, and cause a serious break in the drain. The 
tiles should then be covered with earth, at first care- 
fully with a long-handled shovel, so as not to dis- 
place them, and the balance with a plow, road- 
scraper, or anything else that will facilitate the 
operation. 
