CITAPTER V. 
DWARFS AND STANDARDS.—SELECTING TREES, 
Artie fourteen years of practical experience 
with pears and their culture, having had under my 
charge, part of that time, more than one hundred 
varieties, including all the leading kinds, planted on 
well prepared soil,—I have come to the conclusion, 
contrary to my former views, that with a single ex- 
ception, the culture of the dwarf in the orchard is a 
failure. This conclusion is not the result of a few 
days’ investigation, it has extended over many years. 
As fact after fact presented itself, I was slow to ac- 
cept them as conclusive, until it became so apparent, 
that to hold out any longer would be obstinacy. 
For a long time, [ had reason to suppose that the 
Angers quince was well suited as a stock for many 
of our best varieties of pears, but as far as my per- 
sonal observation has gone, the number has dwindled 
down to one variety, that is the Duchesse d’Angou- 
léme. How long this kind will continue to do well 
on quince root, [ am not prepared to say. -If it 
should fail, I would feel much discouraged, for I 
