44. EACH LAYDR OF ROOTS. 
almost a sure way of forcing roots from the pear 
above the union; and from twenty-five such incis- 
ions that I made three years ago, I found recently, 
on removing the trees, twelve healthy pear roots, 
formed in that time. 
When dwarfs are planted in the way described, 
they will succeed much better than if the union is 
at or above the surface. Standards, or pears worked 
on their own stock, should not be planted more than 
four inches deeper than they stood in the nursery. 
The pear root is more fleshy with less small roots 
than the quince, and therefore great care should be 
taken, both in “lifting” from the nursery row and 
in transplanting. Onno account should the roots 
be left exposed, either to the sun or to a strong 
wind. 
When the tree is in place and at the proper 
depth, fill in around the roots with surface soil. 
One man should hold the tree in position, while one 
or more assist In putting the earth around the roots, 
each of which should be drawn out to its full length 
and at right angles with the body of the tree. Too 
much care cannot be given to this branch of the 
work, for it is all important that the roots should be 
surrounded by fine earth and placed in a natural 
position. Each layer of roots should be held up 
until the earth is up to its level, then stretch it out, 
