TUE TIME OF BUDDING. 63 
8d. Less surface is shaded with the pyramidal 
than with higher and more spreading forms of 
growth. 
4th. The trunk is not exposed to the direct 
rays of the sun, and consequently the flow of sap is 
not unduly accelerated, as would otherwise be the 
result. 
5th. The fruit spurs are formed on the main 
branches, near the body of the tree, and of course 
more weight of fruit can be sustained with less in- 
jury to the tree. 
6th. Thinning out and gathering the fruit are 
made easier, and consequently they will be more 
likely to be attended to at the proper time. 
Numerous other advantages might be given, but 
those mentioned afford sufficient argument in favor 
of having the head of the tree as near the ground 
as possible. 
One year from the time of budding, the young 
tree consists of a single upright shoot, with the 
largest buds at the top. Whether the tree is re- 
moved from or left in the nursery row another year, 
one-half at least of this growth should be cut off. 
At the close of the second year’s growth, the tree 
will consist of a central or main shoot with nu- 
merous side branches. The most vigorous of these 
are near the upper part of the central shoot, while the 
