108 PACK IN MOIST EARTH. 
ground must be deep and in “ good heart,” not over 
stimulated by putrescent manures. Collect the seed 
from the common pear, and sow it in shallow drills 
in April. During the summer the surface of the 
ground should be kept loose and entirely free from 
weeds. If not large enough for transplanting when 
one year old, the bed should be mulched with salt 
hay, straw or other litter, as a protection against the 
alternate freezing and thawing, which often destroy 
large numbers of seedlings. In the fall of the second 
year, the seedlings may be “lifted” carefully, and 
the roots with a portion of the body packed in moist 
sand or earth, and placed in a cellar until spring, 
when they should be transplanted into the nursery. 
The plants are to be set about a foot apart in the 
row, and the rows three to three and a half feet 
apart. 
By the first of August, the bark will separate 
readily from the wood, and the stock may then be 
budded with such varieties as are wanted. 
The buds should be taken from young healthy 
trees. An active person will set from 2 to 3,000 
buds in ten hours with another person to follow and 
tie. 
The branches of buds are cut from the growing 
trees and trimmed as seen in Fig. 10. The operator 
then cuts off six or eight buds at a time, and places 
