PIUCTICES FOLLOWED 3Y GRAPE GROWERS IM FERTlLtZlNO, TIIiTriG, SPRAYING, MB 



uusTxm IN imi york, pmns yl-\/y.nia , MicniaiN, and arkaiisas yiotiyarbs 



By G. P. Scoville, Formerly Agricultural Economist, 

 Division of Farn Mana/;^ement and Costs 



CONTENT^" 



P^ge: Page 



Basis of study ...•.♦•*.• .*o ..*•.. . 1 •: Tillage • practices and costs •••••••• 38 



Commercial fertilizers ............ 2 : Cost of tilling vineyards 40 



Purchases .•«.«..• .,,0 . 2 : Dato)s of roginning and ending 



A.pplication to vineyerc's. ^ ...•.•. 5* till az-p , AP 



Dates and cost of applying ...... . 7 : Plowing"'. ...._...,.... , 44 



Frequency of application .••..o... 9 : Dis^-'ng, harroxing, and 



Relation of use to yields, : cultivating ../... 49 



Chautauqua-Si'ie vineyardSc • . .♦ . 10 : ■- Horse noeing .... ^ • 54 



Relation of use to yields, . : Hand hoeing c a ....... e .«.•.♦• . 56 



Michigan vineyards. «. 18 : Sizo of farm and tillage costs ... 59 



Costs, by areas ..•....« ^... S4 : Use of'tractors and horses. 



Manure ^.••....»........^...„.^.^^^ 26 : Chautauqua- Zii^ie farms • 6£ 



Extent used ..^,. 26 : Ouant i ty of tillage la Hor , 



Cost of use ..om.^...^..o***^P90. S7 : grape yields, and costs •••••••« 63 



Effect on grape yielcs,, ..,..., ... 2.9 : Spraying and ducting 65 



Cover crops .u*.*.. • ^ ^ . .• . » . S9 : Practices and results ....r^......'. 65 



Extent of use ...^.... 29 : Kinds of spray material used ..♦#.# 70 



Kinds used .••■.. 32 : Time of spraying or dusting «..••• 71 



Dates and cost of seeding ....... 34 : Spraying arid dusting costs 73 



Effect on f^a^^e yields «,,...,.. 36 : Llachino coot of using power 



Increase in fertilizing prRctices , : snrayors . ^ 78 



1908-1928 •...♦.,.•.,... «,. 36 : Spraying and dusting crews ♦•....• 82 



Total fertility costs 'uid returns , 37 : 



PAS 13 "^F STIPIY 



This report is the -fchird of a sorios published ty the Ihiited States 

 Department of , Agriculti^re on oconomic phases of eastern grape farming. The 

 main basis_for the series is information, cove-ring the farm rusincss, and cost 

 of gn^. pe production, on o48 ran.iS located in 4 Siatos, as s>^,o-n under ^'Aclo-. 

 nowlodgments*" Details ccnccrninc: Lscation. size,- and ago of the vincvards 

 studied are given in tno first report ^^Orapo Y'a.ictios, Yiolds , Production 

 Costs, and Costs of Maintaining Vines and Trollis , How Yorh, punnsylvania^ 

 Michigan, and. Arkansas Vineyards o^\ The second report prusonts an analyst"^ of 

 a part of the study under the titlu "LIcthcds Used by Grcwors in Marketing 

 Orapes,, Grape Prices, Grades, and Con^vunption per Capita, New York, Pennsyl- 

 vania, Michigan and Arkansas Vineyards *" 



In addition to these reports, which present data for all areas studied 

 in the 4 cooperating States, the Pennsylvania State Collogo has puolished 

 Bulletin 260, "Throwing and Marketing Grapes in Ei^io Cminty, Ponnsyl-vania^* and 

 New York State College of Agriculture has published a lumber of preliminary 

 reports, primarily for New York gro?7ors, covering various phases of the stuc^, 



