12* 



IncluclGd in tho heavy soil group v/oro 24 hill vineyards and although 

 fertilizers have" boon profitably used on hill vineyards situated on deep^ 

 well-drained soils such as the V/ooster series, nuch of the hill land in this 

 area has a hard pan layer close to the plcv/ line and is not a profitable soil 

 for vineyards,; There i7ore'52 lake plain, vinoyai'ds in Chautauqua Co., N.Y* 

 that were included i^ table 8* According to the location of these vineyards 

 on the soil map, 5/ 55 v/ere on heavy soils, (clay, silt, or loaxi) the pre- 

 doininating tyi^e being a silty clay loam. Since this soil is situated next to 

 Lake Erie, low vineyard yields cannot be attributed to lack of v/ater protection. 

 That fertilizer applied to. vineyards on heavy soils, did not pay on the aver- 

 age, in 1928*. is also shOY/n if the Chautauqua County vineyards are averaged 

 separately from the Pennsylvania vineyards. The returns from Chautauqua 

 County vineyards on the heavy lake plain soils v/hon not fertilized scveraged 

 6 cents per hour, which \7as 19 cents more than the average return from vine- 

 yards that were fertilized, the heaviest. 



The correlation study of these data indicates that when the effects 

 of phosphoric acid and potash remain unchanged, 30 pounds of nitrogen per acre 

 increased the yield of grapes on the light-textured Goils 812 pounds per acre 

 compared iTith S07 pounds -on the heavy soils. (table 9.T Althohgh the co- 

 efficients of correlation obtained in this study are generally rather low, 

 indicating a strong probability that somewhat different results would be ob- 

 tained if the study were repeated, certain of them do indicate rather definite 

 tendencies in results to be expected from the use of different kinds of plant 

 floods on the tv/o different t^^^Dos of soil. 



The nitrogen for the increased production cost at the average' rate of 

 $12.36 per ton of ^^rapos on the light-textured soils and $32.70 on the heavy- 

 textured soils. Tliis does not include the cost of applying the nitrogen. The 

 cost was calculated as if oyxg half the nitrogen vj'as purchased as sodium nitrate 

 and one half as ammonium sulphate. The price paid for nitrogen by these grov/- 

 ers was usually more than this because most of the nitrogen used on these vine- 

 yards \7as nought in mixed fertilizers. 



Since grapes in these vineyards were usually picked by the basket, 

 the cost of harvesting and Txarketing per ton averaged about the aame for the 

 high-and lo\7-yi elding vineyards. In Chautauqua County, N.Y. in 1928, the cost 

 of harvesting and marketing grapes averaged $13 per ton. These grov/ers received 

 an average of $35 per ton, or $22 above the cost of harvesting and marketing. 

 These prices were for 2,000 pounds of >9?apes and did not include the weight ot 

 value of the baskets. 



If the extra yield v/as obtained on the lighter soils at a cost for 

 nitrogen of $12 per ton of grapes, and ,[5rapes on the vines v/ere worth $22 per 

 ton, there was $10 left after paying for the nitrogen. On the heavier soils, 

 however, the nitrogen cost of $33 par ton of grapes exceeded the value of 

 grapes by $11. 



In. reviewing this discussion, F. E. G-ladi.'in, Pomologist.,: points out that 

 in some of the State Agricultural Experiment Station tests at the vineyard 

 laboratory, Fredonia, N.Y., a vineyard on a heavy soil (silt for a few inches 

 underlain with stiff blue and yellow clays) has responded well to the use of 



nitrogen* 



3/ Morrison, T. M. Englo, C. C, and Fuller, G. L. Soil Survey of Chautauqua 

 County, New York, Cornell Extension Bulletin 6, 1916. 



