38* 



Table 32. - Average cost j^er acre for sooding cover crops and applying 



manure and fertilizer, by areas, 19S8 











: ether 





: Inter esli 



Area 



: Man 



: Horse 



: Totdr 



: equip- 



: Ma- 



: on 



: Total 





: labor 



: r/ork 



: truck 



: ment 



:torials 



: costs 



: cost 





; Dollars 



; Dollars; 



: Dollars 



: Dollars 



: Dollars 



: Dollars 



: Dollars 



Arkansas (1929) 



: 0.53 . 



: 0.32 ; 



i 0.03 



: 0.09 



: 2.13 , 



; 0,09 



: 3.19 



Michigan 



: .69 



: .54 ; 



: .02 



: .25 . 



: 3.50 



: .18 



: 5.18 



Finger liakes,, N.Y* 



: 1.10 , 



: .65 ; 



.01 



; .28 



: 3.48 ! 



1 .17 



: 5,69. 



Niagara Co., N.Y. : 



.94 



: .61 : 



. .01 1 



,53 : 



, 5.55 ; 



; .23 



: 7.87 



Chautauqua Co., N,Y.: 



1.31 : 



; .78 : 



.02 ; 





5.79 ; 



.25 



: 8,47 



North East, Pa. : 



. 1.11 : 



.77 : 



.03 : 



.38 : 



10,23 : 



.38 



: 12,90 



Hudson Yalley, N.Y. : 



2.09 : 



.72 : 



.12 : 



,26 : 



10.45 5 



.41 



!14,05 



Girard, Pa. - 



1.13 : 



.50 3 



.01 : 



.38 : 



13.27 : 



.46 



;15.75 



Average : 



1.C3 2 



• 



,64 : 



• 

 • 



.02 : 



.29 : 



5,79 : 



.24 



: 8,01 



The cost of nianure, cover crops, and coraniercial fertilizer applied- 

 during the year was all charged to the yearns cost of grovjing grapes. This 

 method was used since, in the case of most of those studied, each vineyard 

 received about the same fertility troatmcnt each year during a period of 5 

 3^ears. Of those reporting for 5 years, 59 percent of the growers cither 

 used fertilizer on their vineyards oYcyrj year or did not use it at all dur- 

 ing the 5-.year period, 71 percent either seeded their vineya^rds to a cover 

 crop every year or not at all, and 72 percent either applied manure every 

 year or not at all. The fertility practice in a given year tends to be the 

 one usually followed on that farm. 



Most growers who spent more than the average of the community for 

 fertility also did more spraying, pr^aning, tillage, etc. This relationship 

 was .true for 10 of the 11 areas listed in table 33. /in increase of |;10.59 

 per acre in fertility costs was on an average ace cmx-)anied by an increase of 

 $7.63 per acre in other grov/ing costs. 



It is easy to spend. Success, however, depends upon getting back 

 more than is spent. Some grov/crs are not spending enough for fertility but 

 m.any growers are spending more for fertility on their vineyards than the 

 increase in yields is worth. Since some vineyards respond more readily than 

 others to fertilizers, only a careful study of the behavior of vines under 

 different conditions will enable a grower to suppler his vineyard with plant 

 food in the m.ost economical v/ay. 



TILLAGE PEACTICES AND COSTS 



Tillage is universally practiced by grape grov/ers. During the year 

 of this study, only 3 of the 548 grov/ors interviewed did not till all of 

 their vineyards. Wnen a vineyard is not tilled it is practically abandoned, 



