46. 



A vineyard was usually gang plowed hy going twice to the row. In 

 addition to the six furrov/s made by the grmg a single plow was often used 

 to plow a furrow next to the vines. This vm,s the practice on 89 percent of 

 the' acreage gang plowed in the Finger Lakes areaand ever half of the acreage 

 gang plowed in Michigan, (table 41.) In Chautauqua County, N. Y., and the 

 two Pennsylvania areas, the single plow was not coinmonly used to supplement 

 the work of the gang plow. 



Table 41. - Acrea-r-e gang plowed only, and acreage gang and single 

 plowed, for areas where 200 or moro acres v/ore gang plov/ed, 1928 



=— 1 



Area 





plowed : 

 only 1/ : 



: Gang and : 



: single : 



plowed 2/ : 



Gc.ng : 

 plovred : 

 only ; 



Gang and 

 single 

 plowed 







Acres : 



: Acres ; 



i Porcont ; 



; Percent 



Girard, Pa. 



North East, Pa. 



Chautauqua Co., N.Y. 



Michigan 



Finger Lakes, N.Y. 





270 : 

 2,224 ; 

 2,140 

 1,595 



160 



; : 

 ; 203 : 

 ; 49^ 

 ; 1,743 

 ; 1,332 



i 



100.0 : 

 ; 91.6 

 : 81.3 

 : 47.8 ; 

 10.7 



; 0.0 



: 8.4 



: 18.7 



52.2 



89.3 



1/ Usually, 3-bottoni gang plo^/, tTlrico to the rov? 



2/ In addition to the usual 6 fui^rows plowed with a 3-bottoni gang, twice to 



the row, single furrows wore plowed next to the vinos. 



It usually took from 3 to 4 times as long to plov; an acre with a 

 single plow going 6 to 10 tiraos to the row as it did v/ith a gang plow going 

 twice to the row. plowing Y/ith a 1-horse single plow cost $10.36 an aero 

 for labor and power in the Hudson Valley, and |7.68 in the Finger Lafces area, 

 (tabic 4S.) Plowing v/ith a 2-horse single plow in the Finger Lakes area 

 cost 15.15 per acre.- 



The Arkansas groi/ef s x)lc\7od an acre v/ith a 1-mule single plow in 

 3#71 hoinrs less time than lid the Finger Lakes growers v/ith a 1-horse singld 

 plow. Because of this lov/or time roquiroinent together v;ith the lower cost 

 of labc^r and horse v/ork in the Arkansas area, plov/ing in /irkansas coat only 

 aUout #10 third as much as in the Finger Lakes area. In the Fingier I^ic©# 

 arm., iPlneyards on the steeper hillsides probably v/ore plov/od with 1 ^orso. 

 The 000 1 per hour of labor used in plowing with a single plow in ArkfJtijS^a* WM 

 only 56 x^^^^ont of the cost in tho Finger Lakes area, but the cost for l30rt4 

 vrork in iijrkansas v/as 76 percent of the cost to the Finger Lakes gro;fers. ; 

 It was cheaper to plov/ in Arkansas at 1929 rates vath a single plow dravm fcf 

 1 uuXo than with a single plow drnvm v/ith 2 mulos. 



Going t\7ico to the row vl^ith a gang plov/ in tho Finger Lakes area, tha 

 avertgo cost was §2.25 per acre when drav/n by 2 horses, and i^2.34 per aero 

 when drav/n by tractor. Gang plov/ing in North East, Pc. cost $1.66 per acre 

 with 2 horses and $1.28 per acre \7ith a tractor. In Girard, Tc. an acre 

 was grmg plov/ed in less than an hour when tractors i/ere used. Gang plov/ing 

 cost less in Michigan than in the other areas. The Chautauqua grov/ers on 

 tho average took 59 percent more tine to gang plow an acre ifchan the Michigan 

 grov/ers. Many of the Chautauqua vineyards v/ere on silty clay loan soil more 

 difficult to work than the sandy soils in Michigan* 



