48^ 



The cost of plowing was noarl^^ doublor^. on those fr.rns v/horo the 

 single plow was usod in addition ;to the gang. Host of the. Chautauqua County 

 and Pennsylvania growers did not use the single plow. To- avoid using it, 

 some growers did not use -the single plow. To avoid using it, seme growers 

 added an extra plow to tno gang. Growers who gang plowed with tractors did 

 less single plov/ing' than did those who gang plov/ed v/ith horses* 



, Of the vineyards studied in Arkansas, 31 ware not plowed and 47 were 

 pie^wed, in 1929, The tillage costs averaged $2.64 more per acre on the 

 plowed vineyards, (table 43.) ITsually tillage operations, that take the place 

 of plowing, cost less than plowing and there was no evidence in the records 

 taken that the vineyards that were plowed th-.^ most yielded better than the 

 others • . . - ■ ■ 



Table 43» - Relation of the ariount of plowing to grape yields and 



costs, by areas, 1928 



/a*ea and number 

 of times plowed 



Arkansas (1929) 



Not pLov/ed 



Plowed 

 Michigan 



Plowed once or less 



Plowed tv/ice or more 

 Girard, Pa-. 



Not plowed 



Plowed 

 North East, Pa.- 



Plowed once or less 



Plowed twice or more 

 Chautauqua Co., N.Y. 



Not plowed 



Plowed 

 Finger Lakes, N.Y. 



Plowed once or less : 



Plov7ed twice 

 Niagara Co. , N.Y. 



Not plowed 



Plowed once 

 Hudson Valley, N.Y. 



Plowed once or less 



Plowed t\7ice 

 Average of averages: 



Vineyards plowed loss 



Vineyards plowed more 



Vine- 

 yards 



Nuraber 



31 

 47 



48 



44 



7 

 15 



59 

 17 



24 

 89 



39 

 73 



6 

 14 



23 



28 



40 



Times 

 T) lowed 



Numb or 



0.0 



1 o 



0.8 



2.0 



0.0 

 1.2 



0.9 





0.0 

 X . o 



0.8 



2,0 



0.0 

 1.0 



0.9 

 2.0 



0.4 

 1.6 



Grape 

 yields 



per 

 acre 



Tons 



1.46 

 1.39 



1.84 



1.86 



2.64 

 2.27 



2.07 

 2.03 



1.73 

 1.61 



1.71 

 1.43 



1.91 



2.04 



2.10 



2.70 



1.93 

 1.92 



Growing co 



. Mil 1.1 ,tmmm ' i t i Wn i .111 n 



Tillage 



Dollars 



7.06 

 9.70 



9.89 



10.83 



13.05 

 1S.30 



15.41 

 16,02 



15.16 

 19. £3 



19.19 



14.69 

 21.75 



32.93 

 38.48 



15.83 

 18.44 



t Tjor a pre 



0x..j^'3j" 

 growing _ 



COot^-i^ 



Dollars 



50.18 



4" . 7:6 





62.88 

 55.69 



58.71 



54.39 



49.27 

 51.56 



46.39 



99.75 



92.93 



62.13 

 60.35 



Total 

 growing 



cost 

 •pe r ton 1/ 

 Dollars 



39.21 



44.59 



31.34 

 32.56 



36.03 

 37.28 



37.82 

 35.33 



42.70 

 45.73 



39^60 

 49.48 



31.98 

 37.10 



63.18 



48.67 



40.39 

 41.04 



1/ ^^Orowing Costs'' include all costs up tp picking 



