5h 



par acre, which \m3 twice as much as it cost Pcnnsylv^^nli growers to disk an 

 Qcre cf vineyard twice to the ro\/ t?ith tractor-drawn disks* 



In the Chautauqua vineyards -ne third as i:iuch tiiM v;as sj^ent cultivate 

 ing as disking and harrr<vdng* Tv/o-hcrse cultivatcrs" wore gonerr.lly used, 

 tv/ice to the row. On the average, it required 2.2 hours to cultfcivate an acre 

 with 2-horse cultivators tv/ico to the vex: at a cost for labor and pov/er of 

 f2*05 per acre, v/hioh x/as about the soiao as the cost for di sirring twi<*o to 

 the row with horso~dra\;n disks. Although it is c her: nor to control weeds by 

 disking and harro\7ing than by cultivating, the wider tools cannot "bo used in 

 the Hudson Valley vineyards v/here ciu-*rants are intoriL-intod. 



In table 48, coni:arisons are made among 7 ^;i'ou;:s of vineyards that \>^re 

 disked, harrowed, ■ and Cultivated a "greater" and a "lc£;s" number of tiroes. 

 In every case vineyards that received the rrot-toT rrxunt -f harrowing, disking, 

 and cultivating, produced the higher yields. The gr'.nTing cost^ per ton of. 

 grr.pes for those vineyards disked and harrowed the greater number of times 

 averaged $1.05 less than the cost f r the vineyards that received les.n tillage. 

 The cost per ton for those vineyards whero the groat or aiiaount of plowing was 

 done wa# $0.65. higher tha.n the cost for those viney:^rds v:horo less plov.ing was 

 done* Vrticn it can be done, it is mere econoiaicr.l to control weeds v/ith the 

 disk and harrow than vjith the plow or horse hoo. 



Table 48. - Coxrtririson of the number of times vineyards wore disked, 

 harrowed, cr cultivated during the season v;ith ^^rapo yields r.nd 



costs, by areas, 1926"^ _„___ 





; Tines that 





: Growing cost 





:Grov;ins cost 





: vineyards 





: per aero of 





:pc^ ton of 





; v7ore 





:" grapes ; 



; Grax^e 



: grapes (ox- 



iiTea 



; • disked. 



;Vino- • 



f (excluding 



: yields 



: eluding 





; harrowed ,or 



; yards ; 



; picking arid 



: per 



: picking and 





: cultivated • 





marketing) 



» acre • 



; marketing) 





Tillage: Other 







; Number 



;Number: 



.Dollars: Dollars 



: Tons ; 



; Dollars 



Arkansas (1929) 



; 3 or Tnss 



: 37 • 



: 7.72 : 51.70 



; 1.27 ; 



; 46*!'e 





; 4 or more: 



: 41 ^ 



; 9.8Q : 51.15 



; 1.55 ; 



; 35.38 



Michifjan 













Fox, Bellofontalne 



: .3 or loss- 



; 35 - 



; 10.36 : 52.58 ^ 



: 2.15 ! 



: 29.27 



soils 



; .4 or m.ore 



; 14 



: 10,22 ; 55. 4& 



J 2.18 J 



; 30.12 



Goloma, Pla infield 



; '2 or less- 



: 23 : 



. 9.50 : 45.05 



: 1.51 ! 



; 36.13 



soils : 



; ^ 3 cr m:re; 



; 20 : 



I 9.85 : 44.99 



: 1.60 : 



; 32.45 



North B.:ist, Pa. ; 



: '5 or los.s: 



. 24 ; 



. 14.56 : 68.95 ; 



\ 2,11 : 



: 30.58 



Light- textured soils ; 



: 6 or more: 



; 21 . : 



. 15.59 : 74^18 - 



; 2.46 : 



: 36.4f5 



Heavy-textured soils \ 



; *4 or less: 



11 : 



' 12.00 : 45.24 : 



; 1.6e i 



35.7?1i 





; * 5 or more: 



20 : 



; 19.20 : 54.59 ; 



: 1.65 ; 



. 44.72 



Chautauqua Co., N.Y. : 



• 5 or [^.oss' 



: 79 J 



' 16.49 • 55.71 ' 



^ 1.58 • 



' 45.70 





* (6 or i:i:)re' 



' 34 ; 



; 23.44 ; 57.56 ; 



; 1.74 ; 



[■ 46.55 



Finger Lakes , N.Y. j 













Pultoney, Bluff Point,; 



► -'l or less; 



; 44 ] 



] 20.24 i 55.08 \ 



; If^l ; 



\ 53.42 



Naples ; 



; 2 or mxrej 



: 32 : 



J 19.06 ; 54.17 : 



> 1.56 ; 



: 46^94 



Average of averages 



: "L^ss I 



; 36 . : 



; 12.08 : 53.47 



; 1.65 ; 



1 4^.03 





; .More ; 



: 26 . ; 



. 15.32 : 56.01 



I 1.83 : 



; 38^98 



