6'0. 



Table 58. - Eolation of size of fnna to tillage costs per aero 





of vineyard, b3 



■^ areas, 1928 









.Tillage cost per acre : 



DifforoncG : 



Vineyards 



1 



.of vincy^ird 



for farms : 



in tillage : 



on farms with 



Area : 



;\7ith crop aoroage of -: 



.costs betvfeen: 

 : large and : 



crop acreage of - 





Loss than : 



50 acres : 



Less than: 



50 acres 





50 acres : 



and more : 



; small jtorais : 



50 acres .: 



.and more 





Dollars : 



. Dollai*s : 



. Dollars : 



Number : 



Number 



Arkansas (1929) : 



; 10.21 : 



. 7.97 : 



; 2.24 .: 



36 : 



; 4a 



Mlchi^n : 



, 11.33 ; 



, 9.57 : 



: 1.76 : 



53 ! 



1 39 



Girard, Pa# : 



. 15.76 : 



; 11.01 : 



; 4.75 : 



19 : 



: 8 



North East, Pa» : 



. 17.24 : 



14.62 



; 2.62 : 



44 : 



; 31 



Chautauqua Co., N.Y. : 



: 21.60 : 



. 16.05 : 



; 5.55 



: 73 : 



; 41 



Finger liakos, N.Y. : 



; 21.59 ; 



; 16.77 



; 4.82 : 



; 68 



: 45 



Niagara Co., N.Y. 



: 26.95 



: 17.45 : 



: 9.50 



: 5 



: 15 



Hudson Valley,, N.Y. : 



; 40.34 



: 23.66 



: 16.68 : 



: 30 



5 5 



All areas (average 













of averages) 



: 20.63 



: 14.64 



J 5.99 



: 41 



: £8 



Less time is spent turning around if the rov7s are long. Labor, horses, 

 and tractors were more fully employed on the larger farms and therefore the 

 costs per hour of use were less, (table 59.) Cost rates per hour of xioTk. were 

 loss on the larger farms than on the sm^allor farms by 20 percent for tractor 

 Y7ork, 9 percent for horse work, and 4 percont for man labor. The lower cost 

 rates and the saving in time in tilling an acre on the larger farms resulted 

 in lower tillage costs on the larger farms by 0^.99 per acre, or 29 percent. 

 Costs other than for tillage averaged less on the larger farms than on the 

 smaller farms in 7 of the 8 areas. The average difference for the 8 areas was 

 $4.41 per acre, or 7 percent. 



On the average, grape yields in 5 of the S areas were somewhat higher 

 on the larger farms than on the smaller farms, even though costs were lower 

 on the larger farms, (table bO.) For all areas, grapes v/e re grown on the 

 larger farms for $6*5 ^> or lU percent, loss per ton than on the smaller farms. 



Operators of small farms who did not own or hire a tractor usiially 

 kept 2 horses; but of those owning a tractor, about as rmmy kept 1 horse as 

 kept 2 horses. On the larger farms wh^^re tractors were owned the number of 

 horses -per farm av-araged 2.5 • There was over twict^ as m^ich horse and tractor 

 work on the larger farms as on the smaller farms, and, on the average, a 

 horse was used during the year, M2 percent more ho-ors on the larger than on 

 the smaller farmg and a tractor was used 121 percent more hours on the larger 

 farms. The combined yearly cost per crop acre of horse and tractor work 

 and of man labor, including the value of the operator's time, was 2k percent 

 larger on the smaller horses-operated farms tlian on the larger horse- ope rated 

 farms, and 35 percent larger on the smeller farms having tractors than on the 

 larger faniis with tractors. 



On the smaller farms, the cost of using a tractor, including depre- 

 ciation and interest, averaged only $lUO for the year 192S, which was less 

 than the average cost of keeping one horse for a year. On the larger farms, 

 because of the additional work, the year's cost of operating a tractor was 

 $2S2, but the average cost per hour was 9 percent less on the larger farms 

 than on the sm.aller farms. 



