62 • 



Table 60. - Grapo yields and cosi 



;s for small and largo farms, 







by areas, 1928 













Gro\7ing 



cost per : 



Growing cost per ton 





Yield of grapes : 



acre of gi*apes (ex-: 



of grapes (excluding 





per aero on ; 



eluding tj 



.llage : 



picking and market - 



Area : 



farms V7ith - : 



cost) on fr 



irms with-: 



. ing) on fc 



irms with.- 





Less than: 



, 50 crop : 



:Less than: 



50 crop : 



Less than: 



50 crop 





, 50 crop : 



acres and: 



: 50 crop : 



lucres and: 



50 crop : 



acres and 





: acres : 



: more : 



; acres : 



more : 



acres : 



inorG 





, Tons : 



, Tons 



: Dollars : 



; Dollars : 



. Dollars : 



, Dollars 



Arkansas (1929) i 



; 1.18 : 



; 1.52 



; 49.41 : 



. 52.40 : 



. 50.53 : 



39.72 



Michigan ,| : 



; 1.83 : 



; 1.87 



: 49.69 : 



47.93 : 



. 33.34 : 



30.75 



Girard, Pa. 



: 2.04 : 



: 2.42 



: 75.53 : 



. 73.26 : 



: 44.75 : 



, 34.82 



North East, Pa. : 



: 2.26 



: 1*95 



: 67.05 : 



: 63.96 . 



: 37.30 : 



40.30 



Chautauqua Co.,N.Y. 



: 1.78 



: 1.50 



: 60.59 ' 



: 52.77 : 



: 46.17 : 



. 45.88 



Finger Lakes, N.Y. 



; 1.46 



: 1.58 



: 54.95 ' 



: 49.77 



: 52.42 : 



; 42.11 



Niagara Co., N.Y, 



: 2.08 



: 1.97 



: 57.62 : 



; 49.64 



: 40.66 : 



; 34.06 



Hudson Valley, N.Y. 



; 2.40 



: 2.60 



: 98.38 



; 88.15 



: 57.80 : 



: 43.00 



All areas (average 















of averages) 



; 1.88 



: 1.93 



: 64.15 : 



: 59.74 



: 45.37 



: 38,83 



On the sniciller farms not using tractors, 57 houTvS of horse v/crk v/ere 

 used per acre of vineyard; but on smaller f^urms using tractors, 30 hours 

 of horse work and 6 hours of tractor work wore used per acre. According to 

 this relationship 1 hour of tractor work in the vineyard replaced more than 4 

 hours of horse work. On the average, it ^Tas slightly more economical to 

 work faiTas of less than 50 crop acres v/ithout tractors. On the smaller farms 

 Yiith tractors the cost for all power and labor averaged $1.47 more per crop 

 acre than on farms vathout tractors. 



Of the 79 grov/ers who worked 50 or more acres of crop land only 14 

 did not ovm a tractor. On the average, these 14 growers in 1928 did not work 

 their f arris as oconomically as did those who owned tractors. The cost per 

 crop acre for all po\ior and labor was §2.97 less on the larger farms where 

 tr^'Ctors were used than on the larger farms whore tractors were not used. 



Quantity of Tillage Labor, Crape Yields, and Costs 



small farms, or those -of less than 50 crop acres, were divided 

 into S #qpal groups, according to the labor spent per acre in tillage \iorfc. 

 Tillage for one group averaged 25.8 hours per aero, and for the other groi^i, 

 14.1 hcmra per acre, a difference of 11.7 hours, or 45 percent, (table 62.) 

 flllag^ costs averaged $20.39 per acre for the 25.8-hour group and ^^^13. 21 for 

 the 14.1-hour, group. A similar comp-^rison is shown in table 62 for the 

 larger f aa?m-s • 



There. v/as no tendency for vineyard yields to be higher in those groups 

 where the most labor was used in tilling vineyards. Since the yields V7ere 

 about the sarae, probably weeds were about as well controlled in the group using 

 leas laher as in the group using more labor. 



It is probably not so much a question of hours v/orkod as effectiveliess 

 of work. The smaller the v/eed plaJit the less it costs to kill it. Timeliness 

 in tillage operations is important as v/oll as using to the maximum degree, 

 those tillage tools that are most effective and economical in killing w^eds* 



Those tools seem to be the harrov/ and disk. 



