TABLE 7.— ORIENTAL TOBACCOS: ESTIMATED EXPORTS, BY SOURCE, AVERAGES 1935-39, 

 1947-51 AND 1955-59 AND ANNUAL 1960-64 



Country 



Average 

 1935-39 



Average 

 1947-51 



Average 

 1955-59 



1960 



1961 



1962 



1963 



19641 



Turkey 



Greece 



Bulgaria 



Yugoslavia ^ 



Italy 



Iran 



Syria 



Lebanon 



Fed. Rhodesia 

 & Nyasaland 

 Cyprus 



Other countries " 



Total 



Mil. lb. 



Mil. lb. 



Mil. lb. 



Mil. lb. 



Mil. lb. 



Mil. lb. 



Mil. lb. 



Mil. lb. 



75.5 



123.8 



145.4 



128 



191 



200 



98 



126 



97.7 



53.2 



127.0 



134 



145 



102 



135 



157 



54.2 



57.8 



93.0 



153 



136 



118 



1 174 



(2) 



10.4 



22.0 



39.7 



41 



35 



34 



35 



(2) 



10.0 



8.0 



5.7 



4.2 



M.5 



' 5.8 



^ 1.6 



(2) 



.5 



3.6 



1.5 



.9 



.4 



.5 



.8 



(^) 



2.8 



6.5 



1.4 



.7 



1.2 



2.2 



3.2 



(-) 



(5) 



(«) 



1.8 



2.5 



2.8 



4.5 



2.1 



(^) 



6.8 



2.3 



.4 



.8 



1.2 



.7 



.9 



(2) 



(^) 



.3 



1.0 



1.4 



1.4 



1.0 



2.1 



{'') 



31 



3 



10 



10 



14 



15 



15 



(') 



282.9 



280.5 



426.9 



476.5 



532.5 



483.7 



467.7 



'550 



1 Preliminary. ~ Data not available. ^ Mostly oriental and semi-oriental. * Fiscal years. '' Included in Syrian exports. 

 Exports from Southern Rhodesia only. ' Estimated. 

 Note: For some countries, it is difficult to distinguish export data for oriental tobaccos from that for semi-oriental. 



modifications of the blend made greatest strides in 

 countries where there were increases in consumer 

 income. 



Expansion in use of the American-blend cigarette 

 has caused changes in tobacco buying in many coun- 

 tries. The expansion of cigarette manufacture in the 

 United States has increased the demand for all the 

 types used in the blend — flue-cured, hurley, orientaL 

 The rapid rise in the use of filter cigarettes, and 

 increases in cost and competition, no doubt were among 

 the main factors which caused the change in the grades 

 of oriental tobacco desired in the U. S. market. 



Introduction of the American-type blend in countries 

 with varying cigarette preferences has had somewhat 

 different effects on local use of oriental, depending to a 

 degree on earlier patterns. 



The advent of the manufacture of American-blend 

 cigarettes, or increase in or modification in it, has in 

 most countries tended to replace dark cigarettes and 

 oriental-blend cigarettes. 



On the other hand, countries switching only a part 

 of their cigarette production from dark cigarettes to 

 the American-blend cigarettes now use more light 

 tobaccos, and also probably use more oriental tobaccos. 



There may, in addition, be other countries which 

 produce predominantly oriental-type cigarettes so that 

 the inauguration of the manufacture of an American- 

 blend cigarette might represent an increase in total 

 consumption and not merely a displacement of oriental 

 cigarettes. 



Still other countries, in inaugurating the production 



of an American-blend cigarette, introduced at the same 

 time the importing of oriental tobaccos. An example of 

 such a country is Japan, where the American-blend 

 cigarette has been taking an increasingly larger share of 

 the market, despite the fact that Japan historically has 

 not imported oriental tobaccos. 



EEC market 



Another major change in the markets for oriental 

 tobacco has been the formation of the European Com- 

 mon Market (EEC) and admission of Greece and Turkey 

 as associate members. The EEC ranks next to the 

 United States as an importer of oriental-type tobacco 

 and as a unit is the leading market for U. S. tobaccos. 

 Approximately 30 percent of U. S. tobacco exports go 

 to the EEC. 



Total imports of oriental tobacco by the EEC from 

 Greece and Turkey have ranged from a low of 68 

 million pounds to a high of 121 million pounds 

 annually during the past 8 years. 



Currently, tobacco from Greece is assessed 30 per- 

 cent of the base period (1957) import duty, and 

 tobacco from Turkey "within the quota" is assessed 

 30 percent of the basic tobacco import duty by the 

 "Six". The ultimate duty on their tobaccos will be 

 zero (0). This duty reduction gives Greek and Turkish 

 oriental tobaccos a price advantage to the manufacturer 

 in the EEC over both oriental tobaccos from other 

 countries and also other cigarette tobaccos from non- 

 member countries such as the United States. 



— 7 — 



