MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES 



The experiments were conducted in growers' fields located in Los Angeles 

 and Riverside Counties . Plots were single rows 50 feet long arranged in 

 randomized blocks with five or six replicates. Except in experiment 7> the 

 emulsion sprays were applied to both sides of the row with a knapsack sprayer at 

 the rate of 35 gallons per acre for the first application and 50 gallons for all 

 succeeding ones. In experiment 7, the sprays were applied with a power sprayer 

 equipped with a four-row boom with three 6502 Tee-Jet nozzles per row. In each 

 spray, Triton B-195& was used at 2.8 ounces per 50 gallons as a wetting- spreading 

 agent . The dusts were applied with rotary hand dusters at 30 "to kO pounds per 

 acre of the diluted dust. The number of applications ranged from three to five, 

 depending on the infestation, season, and growth of the cabbage. Applications 

 were made at 7- to 10-day intervals before 9 a.m. Naled at 2 pounds per acre was 

 substituted in the final spray applications on plots that earlier had received 

 dimethoate, aldrin, endrin, Guthion, and endosulfan, which could not be used after 

 the heads had started to form because of residues. The B. thuringiensis spray 

 was prepared from a wettable powder containing 75 billion spores per gram. All 

 other sprays were prepared from emulsifiable concentrates. 



The effectiveness of the materials was rated by recording the live loopers 

 on four to five plants per plot, k to 5 days after each application. Percent 

 reduction was calculated on the basis of the infestation in the treated as 

 compared with that in the check plots. On the last examination the mature heads 

 plus the outer leaves were removed and each leaf was examined for insects. At 

 each examination the loopers were classified on the basis of size; small included 

 newly hatched larvae up to one -half inch in length; medium, one -half to 1 inch; 

 and large, 1 inch or longer. Pupae were included with the large larvae. An aphid 

 colony ranged from 1 to 100 or more aphids . The possible phytotoxic effect of the 

 materials on the plants was also noted. 



RESULTS 



Table 1 shows that in experiment 1 endrin, naled plus B. thuringiensis , and 

 dimethoate were the most effective against the cabbage looper. Malathion or 

 mevinphos plus B. thuringiensis , toxaphene plus parathion, and malathion alone 

 were intermediate in effectiveness. Naled alone, American Cyanamid 2^055* 

 B. thuringiensis alone, and 1 Hercules 5727 were inferior. There was no signifi- 

 cant difference among materials in aphid control, but dimethoate gave the best 

 results . 



In experiment 2, Guthion at 1 and !§• and naled at 2 pounds per acre gave good 

 control of the cabbage looper. Guthion at one-half pound was not adequate against 

 loopers, but was fairly effective against aphids. Dimethoate and naled were 

 especially effective as aphicides. General Chemical 3583* Methyl Trithion, 

 Bayer 29^91 > and Shell Compound U072 gave good control of aphids; and all compounds 

 used except Methyl Trithion showed promise against loopers. 



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