from Great Lakes ports since the opening of the St. LawrenceSea- 
way. Infestations have been found in the non-cargo areas of 60 of 
the 122 vessels and with cargoes orinthecargo areas of40vessels, 
necessitating fumigation and other safeguard measures. Thekhapra 
beetle was also found this year inone plane and inone mail package. 
Port findings indicate that this pest may be found associated with 
practically any cargo, ranging from automobiles and steel products 
to crude rubber and gums as wellas such known food hosts as rice 
and peanuts. In view of the recorded findings of khapra beetle in 
certain cargoes from Ceylon, India, Pakistan, and Sudan, the Di- 
vision has requested our Agricultural Attaches in these countries 
to point out to appropriate officials and shippers the advantage of 
preshipment fumigation. Indications are that some success can be 
expected in this regard. The actual number of khaprabeetle infes- 
tations found during 1960 were 200% greater than in 1959. Added 
emphasis was given duringthe year to the inspectionof freightcars 
and trucks from Mexico for the khaprabeetle whichtemporarily in- 
fested limited areas of thatcountry andis now believed eradicated. 
Preflight clearance of aircraft, The inauguration in1960 of clear- 
ance of passengers and aircraft in Nassau prior to departure on 
scheduled nonstop flights for the UnitedStates has been an effective 
quarantine and traffic facilitating procedure. The actualvolume of 
precleared traffic greatly exceeded the volume estimated when the 
procedure began early inthe year. Plans were made in cooperation 
with U.S. Customs for inaugurating a similar service in Bermuda 
but were suspended because of lack of necessary facilities. These 
plans were revived late in 1960 for further consideration and an in- 
augurationdate was set for the autumnof1961. Passengers receiv- 
ing plant quarantine clearance in Honolulu and San Juan prior to 
flight to the mainland numbered 912,301, an increase of over 21% 
above the previous year. The increased use of large jet aircraft 
with larger passenger capacities has greatly intensified the inspec- 
tion problem by concentrating large workloads, since larger num- 
bers of people must be cleared within short periods before sched- 
uled departure times. 
St, Lawrence Seaway, The opening of the Seaway to ocean-going 
vessels last year added a new avenue through which foreign pests 
might enter the country - this time directly into the center of one 
of our richest agricultural areas. The danger of pest introduction 
via the Seaway is primarily from (1) incidental infestation or con- 
tamination of general cargo, (2) infested or infected plant products 
and meats in ships stores, and (3) infested or infected plant mate- 
rials inships garbage. Passenger baggage, one ofthe really serious 
threats of pest entry, is not yet developed into a serious problem 
in this area since foreign ships using the Seaway are primarily 
Ae 
