travelers and the volume of goods entering the country continue to increase 
steadily eachyear, and are factors that establish the level of plant quarantine 
services necessary to prevent pest introduction. 
The number ofpeople entering the country during FY1963 is estimated at 175 
million, 15 million more than in FY1962. To transport these additional 
persons, 8 thousand additional aircraft entered and 1, 2 million additional 
vehicles crossed the Mexican Border. Travelers brought with them 4, 4 
million additional pieces of baggage for inspection at ports of entry - an 
increase of approximately 19 percent over the preceding year, 
Jet Cargo 
Entry of agricultural cargo by air is increasing at a very rapid rate. Inter- 
national aircarriers now are using all-cargo jet planes capable of carrying 
a 40-ton payload, This method of transportation is ideal for shipment of 
perishable agricultural products subject to plant quarantine examination as 
a condition of entry. As air cargo operations continue to grow, increased 
staffing at airports will be necessary to provide adequate plant quarantine 
coverage with a minimum of delay to international commerce, 
Mediterranean Fruitfly Threat in Central America 
The recent northward spread of theMediterranean fruitfly in Nicaragua 
coupled with increased traffic on the Inter-American highway points out the 
need to strengthen inspection at Mexican border ports of entry, Should the 
fruitfly become established in Mexico and continue its northward movement, 
the danger to the southern fruit growing areas of the United States will be 
greatly magnified. 
Military Movements 
Movement of military personnel, baggage, and cargo from foreign bases by 
air direct to inlandareas of the United States is complicating the maintenance 
ofadequate plant quarantine inspection. These arrivals are steadily increasing 
and have added to the workload of inspectors stationed at regular ports of 
entry which in some cases may be several hundred miles distant, 
Certification of Export Commodities 
Direct foreign shipments of grain and grain products, such as flour, from 
Great Lakes ports is increasing rapidly as more shipping becomes available 
for Great Lakes navigation, harbors are deepened and facilities such as 
docks, warehouses, and loading facilities are constructed, Similar expansion 
ofloading facilities is being carriedout at many other ports along the Atlantic, 
Pacific, and Gulf Coasts, particularly for grain, which is now being shipped 
in much greater quantities to many more foreign countries, Changes are being 
made constantly by foreign governments in their import certification 
requirements, This may require inspection for additional insects and plant 
diseases and inspection of additional commodities. For the country asa 
whole, export certificates issued in 1963 totaled 44,063 covering 74, 760, 352 
containers, an increase of 13 percent in number of certificates issued and 
78 percent in containers certified. 
