Tame Hay 
Foliage diseases similar to those attacking timothy (see below) 
inflict heavy losses in tame grasses. More information is needed 
on both the acreage of these grasses and the diseases attacking 
them before complete and reliable figures on losses can be obtained. 
In some areas leaf blight has caused severe damage to Sudan grass. 
Losses of 35 to 50 percent have been measured. Similarly, the yield 
of orchardgrass has been reduced 5 to 7 percent by Stagonospora 
leafspot. Kentucky bluegrass pastures sampled in several parts of 
the Northeast were found to contain up to 30 percent of the plants 
infected with stripe smut. This is probably part of the explanation 
for their low preductivity during hot, dry months of midsummer, when 
infected plants die. 
Timothy 
Four important foliage diseases, namely, Heterosporium leaf blight, 
crown rust, anthracnose, and brown stripe, attack timothy, causing 
some reduction in yields but a greater loss in hay quality. The 
degree of infection varies tremendously, depending on the prevalence 
of the organism and seasonal conditions. For example, rust or 
Heterosporium leaf blight may cause severe damage in certain areas 
in some years. 
Vetch, Lupine, and Birdsfoot Trefoil 
The seed loss due to diseases in plantings of these crops grow for 
seed production, valued at nearly $700,000, is actually less than the 
loss of seed due to unsatisfactory harvesting methods or poor equip= 
rent. Diseases cause more loss to fields used for grazing, hay, or 
soil improvement than to the seed crop. 
Wild Hay 
Diseases attacking the plants from which wild hay is made include 
rusts, smuts, leaf spots, and root rots in varying amounts depending 
upon the components of the mixture, on the season, and other 
environmental factors. 
Fruit and Nut Crops 
Estimates of losses in fruit and nut crops have been restricted to 
those grown commercially. Limited acreages for home and farm plant- 
ings and on small estates have not been considered. 
Losses attributable to nutritional disturbances are included only 
in the case of pecans, where deficiencies in minor elements are cor=- 
rected by including them in pesticide sprays. 
The losses caused by diseases to fruit md nut crops are summarized 
in Table 3. 
