Also the delayed harvest may result in lowered grades or frost damage. 
Wilts contribute 25-35 percent of the annual disease losses in cotton. 
Fusarium wilt is confined primarily to the lighter, more acid soils 
of the Southeast, extending to eastern Texas and Oklahoma. Losses 
from this wilt have been greatly reduced in recent years through the 
use of resistant varieties. Verticillium wilt occurs across the entire 
Cotton Belt, but the greatest losses occur in the Mississippi Delta 
and in the irrigated areas of the Southwest, particularly the El Paso 
Valley, Arizona, and California. A close spacing of the plants in 
the row and cultural or irrigation practices that tend to raise the 
soil temperature have reduced the losses from this disease. No resis- 
tant varieties have yet been developed, but considerable progress has 
been made in the development of tolerant varieties such as Acala hel)2 
and W=29=-1L e 
Phymatotrichum root rot occurs primarily in the black prairie soils 
of Texas and in the highly calcareous soils of the Southwest. It 
causes the greatest damage in the black prairie soils. The average 
annual loss is 8-10 percent cf the entire cotton crop. Losses have 
been greatly reduced through early fall plowing, applications of 
phosphate fertilizers, and rotations with Hubam clover, 
The boll rots are caused by a complex of organisms, many of which 
are normally considered to be saprophytic, which under appropriate 
conditions grow on the injured bolls and produce serious damage to 
the fiber. The estimated annual loss from boll rots is 8-10 percent 
of the entire crop. No practical measures have been developed for 
their control, but the practice of defoliating is beneficial inasmuch 
as removal of the leaves permits circulation of air and sunlight. 
Excessive late irrigations or unusually heavy applications of nitro- 
gen should be avoided, as they tend to increase vegetative vigor with | 
a resulting increase in shading which favors the development of boll 
rots. 
Minor diseases and mineral deficiencies cause losses each year, but 
the aggregate probably does not exceed 15 percent of the crop loss. 
Deficiency diseases are easily controlled by addition of the deficient 
mineral. 
Bry Beans (including seed beans and dry limas) 
Losses in dry beans result chiefly from three types of injury. Root 
rots, caused by various fungi, account for much of the loss wherever 
the crop is grow. Common bacterial leaf blight causes serious 
damage in humid sections. Rust frequently causes serious foliage 
injury, especially in the West. Virus diseases are damaging wherever 
beans are grown. The major losses are caused by the common bean 
mosaic virus and that of bean yellow mosaic. The curly top virus 
damages beans in Utah, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and California. 
wt 16 ion 
