The loss percentages on fruits and vegetables in Tables 17 and 
1&8 relate only to the loss of edible materials, materials that 
might have been used as human food. Even though discarded edible 
material is used for some cther purpose, such ss animal feeds, 
fertilizers, or industrial products, it is nevertheless consicered 
a loss. 
Field Crops (Table 16) 
Corn Oil. - The total production of corn oil in 1950 was 123,927 
tons with a value of $39,656,000. Some of this oil came from the 
70 millicn bushels of corn that was Ory=milled thet year, by which 
method only 0.6 pound of oil is recovered from a bushel of corn. 
If the methods used by the wet-milling industry were employed in 
all plants, 35,000 additional tons, worth $11,200,000, would have 
been producec. However, since the oil remaining in the corn goes 
into byproduct feed, it increases the value of the feed by $2,625,000, 
leaving a net loss of $8,575,000 from inefficient milling. 
Cottonseed. - About 1,338,000 tons of cottonseed, worth $268,l3h ,000, 
were crushed annually during 192-51. The hydraulic and screw press- 
ing processes, which predominate, have been leaving 128,200 tons of 
crude oil in the residual ceke. Further losses occur ‘nnoueh the use 
of inefficient methods of refining and further processing. 
Investigations have indicated that, with proper adjustment of pro=- 
cessing conditions, the feeding value of the entire output of 
ccttonseed meals could be raised as much as 20 percent. The most 
important losses are the impairment of the nutritive value of the 
protein and the reduction of the free gossypol content to a minimum 
to permit unrestricted feeding to nonruminant animals, primarily 
swine and poultry. 
Maple Sirup. - Failure to remove clouds (sugar sand) from sirup 
causes it to be down-graded. The lowering of one grace decreases 
the price by 50 cents per gallon. The loss to the farmer from this 
cause can be corrected by filtration of the sirup. Present farm 
equipment does not usually give a product of the desired clarity. 
Commercial equipment is not feasible because of cost. Development 
of efficient equipment and procedures through research should pre=- 
vent these clouds. 
Peanuts. = The peanut oil estimates cover the loss in refining 
due to free fatty acids md gums. The loss is in the form of 
soap stock, or foots, since soap stock is of lower value than oil. 
Deterioration during curing and storage may increase the free fatty 
acid content and thus increase refining losses. 
Rice. = Losses in rice milling arise from broken grains, which 
must be sold at lower prices than whole-grain rice. 
= me) c 
