Soybeans. - The processing of 7,549,000 tons cf soybeans in 1950 
yielded 1,037,000 tons of crude oil, equivalent to 13.7 percent 
of the weight of the beans. hh percer:t of the beans were processed 
mechanically. If solvent recovery had been employed on this por- 
tion, 1.75 additional pounds of oil could have been recovered per 
bushel, or 96,000 tons of oil worth $26,950,000. There would have 
been a decreased weight of meal amounting to 96,000 tons; at $75 
per ton this would have been worth $7,200,000. A maximum increased 
net return of $19,750,000 might have been possible. 
Sugar Beets. - Beets grown for sugar are subject to losses during 
storage and processing in the mills through respiration of the 
living beet tissue, destruction of the tissue by micro-organisms, 
molasses formation, inclusion of sugars in wash waters, and incom= 
plete extraction from pulp. Losses can be reduced by proper tem- 
perature control in the diffusion batteries to minimize conversion 
to lactic acid. 
Sugar Cane. = Over 6 million tons of cane are processed annually 
in this country. Losses arise from the presence of trash and dirt, 
sugar inversion and loss of weight between harvest and milling, 
sugar left in the bagasse during extraction, and inability to ex- 
tract some of the sugars by crystallization from the blackstrap 
molasses. 
Tobacco, Cigarette. - Losses in cigarette tobacco include decreases 
in grade and value due to improper curing. Develcpmant of improved 
firing equipment and methods, as well as temperature and humidity 
controls, should be a feasible solution to the problen. 
Tobacco, Cigar. - Losses in cigar tobacco result from disintegra- 
tion and decay of the cured leaf either in the sheds or when packed 
in cases or hogsheads, because of inadequate moisture control. De- 
velopment of methods for accurate moisture measurement and control 
should eliminate this loss. Every 3 to h years certain tobaccos 
lose value because they do not ferment properly. The use of catalysts 
and additives to stimulate the enzymatic and bacterial fermentation 
processes should provide a remedy. 
Tung Oil. = Tung fruit is hulled as a preliminary step to further 
processing in the production of oil. Tung hulls accumulate and 
present 2 disposal problem. Only limited use has been established 
for these hulls. Their bulk is a deterrent to their shipment to 
centers where they might be used. Also, chemical constituents, 
such as potash or tannins, can be obtained to better advantage from 
other sources. 
Oil is lost both in the hulling and in the expression of oil from 
the hulled fruit. Broken kernels, which are the source of oil, and 
oil released from the kernels on breaking are carried along with 
the hulls as they are removed from the fruit. Furthermore, in the 
milling operation oil is either polymerized or retained in the press 
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