Vibriosis 
Vibriosis is responsible for approximately 0 percent of the 
infertility in cattle. This results in a decreased reproductive 
ability and milk production and a high replacement cost. Abore= 
tions are sometimes associated with the disease. The principal 
loss from vibriosis in sheep is due to abortions; however, the 
mortality may be high. There is also a decrease in weight and 
wool production. 
Poultry Diseases 
(Table 23) 
Diseases of poultry levy a heavy toll. The losses include 
mortality, decreased egg productivity and fertility, and in- 
efficient utilization of feed. 
The relative importance of the different poultry diseases has 
changed in recent years. For instance, Newcastle disease seri- 
ously threatened the industry in the past decade. Then vaccina- 
tion was developed which, although adding to the cost of raising 
poultry, has materially reduced mortality from the disease, 
Pullorum disease at one time caused the greatest losses in baby 
chicks, It has now been brought down to a very low incidence 
through the use of the rapid agglutination test for the detection 
of carrier birds. 
Leucosis (lymphomatosis) causes losses several times as great 
as any other disease. Although extensive research has been con= 
ducted for a number of years, only limited headway has been made 
towards curtailing these losses. The total annual losses from 
poultry diseases exceed $210 million. 
Noninfectious Diseases and Disorders 
Tables 20 to 2 
A large number of noninfectious diseases of livestock, particu- 
larly cattle, result in death losses, reduced gains, failure to 
grow, and the need for veterinary services. Some but not all of 
these troubles are of nutritional origin. Reports from a repre- 
sentative group of veterinarians in dairy sections showed that 
70 percent of their calls to treat and advise on animal diseases 
were for those accepted as noninfectious. Since noninfectious 
diseases are not handled by State or Federal regulatory officials, 
except as they may affect the meat when the animal is slaughtered, 
no reports on them are required. This means that almost no infor= 
mation is available on the number of animals that sicken or die. 
About the only information on the losses they cause is that found 
in meat-inspection records that list tumors and various pathologi- 
cal alterations of the organs and tissues not associated with in- 
fectious diseases at the time of slaughter. 
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