A few of the better knovm nutritional disorders can be described, 
however. 
Baby Pig Losses (Table 21) 
Losses of young pigs result not only from faulty nutrition, but 
from mismanagement and various infectious, parasitic, and other 
ill-defined causes. A significant percentage are born dead or 
survive only a few hours. Losses are heaviest during the first 
week of life. Chilling, failure to nurse, and injury and death 
directly traceable to the sow acccunt for other losses. Various 
forms of enteritis, believed to be due to infections and nutri- 
tional factors, singly or in combination, stunt the growth or 
result in death of pigs. Most of the diseases that affect older 
swine also affect young pigs, gmerally with more pronounced 
damage. Metabolic and physiologic disturbances account for some 
of the losses in young pigs. 
Because it was impossible to segregate the loss due to each 
disease of baby pigs, the total losses have been surveyed as a 
unit and are included in this section on nutritional disorders, 
That strict attention to nutrition, management, and sanitation 
can materially reduce losses has been show by experiments in 
which farm losses of 33 percent up to time of weaning have been 
reduced to 10 percent. Epidemics may sweep through herds, how- 
ever, and cause losses that sometimes reach almost 100 percent, 
The over-all financial loss, including runty pigs, is estimated 
at $438, 673 000. 
Bloat (Tables 20 and 22) 
Bloat, a disorder affecting cattle, sheep, and goats, is especi- 
ally prevalent among animals pastured on lush growth of legumes. 
It also occurs in animals being fattened in feed lots. There 
are methods of relieving affected animals if caught in time. 
Prevention of bloat among animals on pasture has generally meant 
use of mixed forage so that the clovers or alfalfa constituted 
less than half the available material. The onset of bloat is 
sudden; consequently death losses are rather high. Among 
fattening cattle and milking cows, there is a temporary reduc- 
tion in rate of growth and in milk production of animals that 
recover. 
Death losses among cattle may amount to 0.5 percent and the 
total losses, both in deaths and in impaired production, to 1.2 
percent. In sheep, bloat occurs principally among flocks in 
the humid areas or on irrigated pastures. About 20 percent of 
the sheep in the country are found in such situations and bloat 
occurs in about 1 percent of the animals. 
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