(3) Suppression of widely distributed insects and plant 
diseases that assume outbreak proportions periodically, 
causing extensive interstate agricultural losses, and 
that cannot be controlled effectively by individual 
effort. Currently such programs relate to grasshoppers, 
Mormon crickets, stem rust, white pine blister rust, 
and various forest insects, especially bark beetles 
and defoliators., Each year Federal, State, and private 
groups spend considerable amounts.to prevent the spread 
of these insect pests and plant diseases and to suppress 
outbreaks. 
During the fiscal year 1950 approximately $10,900,000 was ex- 
pended from Federal sources for cooperative regulatory and sup- 
pression programs, including over $3,900,900 to suppress out- 
breaks of ‘forest insects alone. State and local agencies were 
reported to have spent over $13,000,900 on these programs. 
Quarantine and Regulatory Measures 
The enforcement of quarantines affecting the importation and 
interstate movement of plants and plant prodcts cost approxi- 
mately $3,650,900 annually during the period 1942-51. This 
estimate includes (1) Federal appropriations for plant quaran- 
tines; (2) contributions by States and Territories, particularly 
California, Florida, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, to the plant- 
quarantine program; and (3) costs to importers in connection 
with the inspection, treatment, cooperage, handling, and other 
incidentals to meet plant-quarantine import requirements. The 
expense of fumigating or otherwise treating large quantities 
of imported cotton and cotton products, broomcorn, fruits and 
vegetables, and used bagging, is included in the last group, 
Weeds 
The annual cost of weed control on agricultural lands has been 
estimated at $1,486, 351,000, or about 8 percent of the value of 
the crops produced on cropland and farm pastures (Table19). This 
4s equivalent to approximately $1.98 per acre of crop, pasture, 
and range lands. 
