THE FISHES OF NEW JERSEY. 113 



are confined to northern regions north of about 40° N. Some 

 species, especially larger ones, are marine and anadromous, 

 living and growing in the sea and entering fresh waters to spawn. 

 Still others live in running brooks, entering lakes or the sea as 

 occasion serves, but not habitually doing so. Others again are 

 lake-fishes, approaching the shore or entering brooks in the spawn- 

 ing season, at other times retiring to waters of considerable 

 depth. The large size of the eggs and their lack of adhesiveness, 

 with the ease by which the eggs may be impregnated, render the 

 salmon and trout especially adapted for artificial culture. Sal- 

 monidce are of comparatively recent evolution and are only found 

 in recent deposits. But a single species in our brooks, though 

 others have been introduced. 



Genus SaIvVKUnus Richardson. 



The Charrs. 

 Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). 



Plate 8. 



Trout. Brook Trout. 



Head 3^ ; depth 4; D. iii, 10; A. iii, 8; pores in lateral line 

 no to base of caudal and 2 more on latter; snout 37^5 in head; 

 ey^ SVs', maxillary iV?; interorbital space 3^; length of de- 

 pressed dorsal iV?; of anal iV?; l^^st depth of caudal peduncle 

 i}i; caudal i^ ; pectoral i^; ventral 2. Body moderately 

 elongate, oblong, moderately compressed, and not much elevated. 

 Head large,- not long. Snout conic. Eye small, a little superior. 

 Mouth large. Maxillary reaching for more than half an eye- 

 diameter beyond eye. Jaws, palatines and tongue with conic 

 teeth. Vomer boat-shaped, shaft much depressed, without raised 

 crest, and teeth on head of bone, none on shaft. Interorbital space 

 convex. Gill-rakers 7 + 1 1 short stumps. Scales very small, 

 more than 200 in a lateral series. Dorsal inserted nearer tip of 

 snout than base of caudal. Adipose fin small, over last anal rays. 

 Anal inserted nearly midway between insertion of dorsal and 



8 MU 



