THE FISHES OF XEW JERSEY. 443 



Distal. Remote from point of attachment 

 Dorsal. Relating to the back. 

 Dorsal fiii. Fin on the back. 



Emarginate. Slight!}- forked or notched. 



Endoskeleton. The skeleton, or inner bony frame-work of the body. 



Enter on. Alimentary canal. 



Epibranchials. Bones directly above the angle of the branchial arches. 



Epihyal. One of the hyoid bones. 



Epipleurals. Bony rays attached to the ribs and anterior vertebrae, usually 



touching the skin about the lateral line. 

 Erectile. Susceptible of being raised or erected. 

 Ethmoid. A median bone in the front of the skull. 

 Exoccipitals. Two bones on the back of the skull, one on each side of the 



foramen magnum. 

 Exoskeleton. Outer skeleton, or such hard parts on the surface of the body 



as scutes, scales, etc. 

 Exserfed. Projecting beyond the general level. 

 ExtraUmital. Beyond the limits. 



Falcate. Sickle-shaped. 



Falciform. Curved like a sickle. 



Fauna. Animals inhabiting any region considered collectively. 



Femoral. Relating to the femur, or proximal bone of the hind limb. 



Filament. A slender thread-hke structure. 



Filiform. Thread-form. 



Fontanel. An unossified space, as that on top of head covered by membrane. 



Foramen. A hole or opening. 



Foramen magnum. Opening in the back of the skull for the passage of the 



spinal cord. 

 Forehead. Frontal curve of the head. 

 Foriicate. Scissors-like. 



Fossce. Usually grooves in which the nostrils open. 

 Frontal hone. Front bone on top of the head, usually paired. 

 Fulcra. Rudimentary spine-like projections on the front fin-rays of ganoid 



fishes. 

 Furcate. Forked. 

 Fusiform. Spindle-shaped, or tapering at both ends. 



Ganglion. A nen'e center. 



Ganoid. Enameled bony scales or plates. 



Gape. Opening of the mouth. 



Gill-arches. Bony arches to which gills are attached. 



Gill-openings. Openings leading to or from the branchiae. 



Gill-rakers. Variously formed bony appendages along the inner edge of the 



gill-arch. 

 Gills. Organs for breathing air in the water. 

 Glabrous. Smooth. 

 Glossohyal. Tongue-bone. 



