446 REPORT OF XEAV JERSEY STATE :\IUSEU:\I. 



Opercular bones. Membrane bones on side of head. 



Opercular tiap. Prolonged upper angle of opercle, as in sunfishes. 



Opisthocajlian. Concave behind only, usually referring to- ball-and-socket 



jointed vertebrae. 

 Opisthotic. Bone of skull to which lower limb of post-temporal usually 



articulates. 

 Orbicular. Nearly circular. 

 Orbit. Eye socket. 

 Ossicula aiiaitiis. Ear-bones. 

 Osteology. Study of bones. 

 Oviparous. Producing eggs developed after exclusion from the bod}-,- as in 



most fishes. 

 Ovoviviparous. Producing eggs hatched before exclusion from the body, as 



in the dog-sharks. 

 Ovum. Egg. 



Palate. Roof of mouth. 



Palatines. A pair of membrane bones on roof of mouth, one on each side 



exte.nding out the band from vomer. 

 Palustrine. Living in swamps. 

 Papilla. A small tieshy projection. 

 Parapophyses. Lateral processes on some abdominal vertebrae to support 



ribs. 

 Parasphenoid. Bone on roof of mouth following vomer. 

 Parietal. Bone on side of head above. 

 P-arofic process. Formed on side, back on the skull, by the pterotic and 



opisthotic. 

 Pectinate. Toothed like a comb. 

 Pectoral. Relating to the breast. 

 Pectoral -fins. Front or upper paired fins corresponding to front Hmbs of 



other vertebrates. 

 Pelagic. Living on or in high seas. 

 Pelvic girdle. Bones supporting ventral fins. 



Pelvis. Bones to which hind limbs, or ventral fins, are attached. 

 Peritoneum. Membrane lining abdominal cavity. 

 Pharyngeal bones. Bones behind gills at beginning of oesophagus, of various 



forms, usually with teeth. Placed usually as a single pair below and 



a double pair above. 

 Pharyngobranchials. Upper elements of branchial arches, usually bearing 



teeth. 

 Pharyngo gnathous. Having lower pharyngeal bones united. 

 Physoclistous. Having air-bladder closed. 

 Physostomous. Having air-bladder connected by a tube with alimentary 



canal. 

 Pigment. Coloring matter. 

 Pineal body. A small ganglion in the brain, a rudiment of an optic lobe 



connected with a third or median eye. 

 Pineal eye. Pineal body. 

 Pituitary body. A small ganglion in the brain. 



