greatly increase. Chemical weed-control 
equipment of the future will have unusual pre- 
cision application requirements. The appro- 
priate herbicide will be applied in the minimum 
effective amounts, at the most effective time, 
and precisely on the target. 
In order to assure that herbicides of the 
future and their use patterns possess the 
desired characteristics, a multidiscipline and 
interdiscipline research and education ap- 
proach will be required. Obviously the coop- 
erative efforts of State, Federal, and in- 
dustrial scientists and their interacting 
efficiencies in working together as a team in 
a well-balanced and effectively coordinated 
research program will be needed. 
The use of herbicides, in some instances, 
is beginning to exceed the research informa- 
tion available to insure their safe use. If a 
better balance between research and herbicide 
use is not obtained and maintained in the 
future, the risk of damage to crops and man's 
total environment will increase. If a balanced 
research and education program is maintained, 
the problems of the future will not be beyond 
solution and will not involve undue risks. 
The future of weed control will certainly be 
characterized by the discovery, development, 
and utilization of more efficient forms of 
energy. The versatility and effectiveness of 
herbicides for controlling weeds offer almost 
unlimited possibilities for improving the effi- 
ciency of weed control, but they are more 
effective when combined with other efficient 
nonchemical methods of control. Thus it seems 
that future progress will be largely determined 
by (a) discovery of more selective, more spe- 
cific, better translocated, more efficient, 
better formulated, safer, and more economical 
herbicides; (b) understanding the effects of 
chemicals on plant growth, soils, and the total 
environment of man, domestic animals, and 
wildlife; (c) ingenuity in modifying and com- 
bining chemical and cultural practices; 
(d) understanding the limitations of current 
practices; (e) development of new and more 
effective techniques; and (f) discovery of more 
efficient sources of energy for selective weed 
control, 
The rapid advance of weed-control tech- 
nology and the acceptance of chemical weed- 
control practices by farmers are having, and 
will continue to have, profound effects on crop 
production and on soil and water management 
practices. Significant changes will neces- 
sitate a constant review of agricultural re- 
search and education objectives and direc- 
tion, 
LITERATURE CITED 
(1) Ennis, W, B., Jra,.W, GC. Shaw, L, L, Danielson, 
D. L, Klingman, and F, L, Timmons, 1963, 
Impact. of chemical weed control on farm man- 
agement practices, Adv, in Agron, 15: 161-210, 
Hilton, J, L., L. L, Jansen, and H, M, Hull, 1963, 
Mechanisms of herbicide action, Ann, Rev, Plant 
Physiol, 14: 353-384, 
McKibben, E, G, 1959, Engineering in agriculture, 
Agr, Engin, 40: 385-412, 414, 
Shaw, W, C, 1954, Recent advances in weed con- 
trol in the United States, Brit, Weed Control 
Conf, Proc, 1: 23-46, 
1964, Weed science-revolution 
agricultural technology, Weeds 12: 153-162, 
J. L. Hilton, D, E, Moreland, and 
L, L, Jansen, 1960, The fate of herbicides in 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 
(S) 
(6) 
in 
28 
plants, In Agr, Res, Serv, Symp,, The Nature 
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and Animals, U,S, Dept, Agr, ARS 20-9, PP. 
119-133, 
(7) U.S, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Re- 
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U.S, Dept, Agr, Agr. Handb, 291, 120 Pp. 
and Federal Extension Service, 
1962, A survey of extent and cost of weed con- 
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U.S, Dept, Agr, ARS 34-23, 65 pp, 
and Federal Extension Service, 
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(8) 
(9) 
