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CHARACTERISTICS AND REQUIREMENTS OF HERBICIDES 
FOR THE FUTURE 
W. C. Shaw, Pesticides Coordinator, 
Office of the Secretary, U.S, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 
The human, domestic animal, and wildlife 
populations of the world today cannot exist in 
the original environment of the past. Man's 
survival is directly dependent on the effi- 
ciency and safety with which he changes his 
environment and adjusts to it. 
One of the irreversible changes man must 
make in his environment is the ecological 
shift from the natural climax vegetation to 
one that is satisfactory for the production of 
food, fiber, and forage crops, which are the 
products of his creativity. Too often this 
highly significant and essential change in man's 
environment is taken for granted. Far too few 
of us realize that the native vegetation in 
most areas of the world was not very efficient 
or economical as a source of food. 
23 
The plant successions that occur when native 
vegetation is disturbed or when cultivated 
fields are abandoned are well known. Weeds 
comprise an early stage of plant successions 
that terminate with the climax vegetation 
characteristic of an area. This ecological 
principle establishes the need for efficient 
weed- and pest-control technology. The con- 
trol of weeds is basically an ecological prob- 
lem (fig. 1). 
The world need for food and fiber requires 
utilization of all available scientific technology 
to produce and protect high value food, forage, 
and fiber crops. Weed control is an essential 
part of this fundamental ecological process (5). 
Weeds compete for water, mineral nutrients, 
light, space, and other growth requirements. 
