of the 8- to 13-u. atmospheric window (Callahan 
1965b), Moth frequencies transmit well through 
the atmospheric windows (tables 4 and 5). 
Okress (1965), in reviewing unpublished re- 
search by the author, stated, "Itis appropriate 
to mention that, you do not seem to be cogni- 
zant of the (little known) fact that even black 
body radiation has coherence in a sufficiently 
small space-time domain. This may be an 
important consideration because application 
of waveguide and resonator theory imply co- 
herent electromagnetic fields. As a matter of 
fact, microwave, millimeter and submillimeter 
electromagnetic radiation is generated essen- 
tially coherent. This does not mean that non- 
coherent electromagnetic energy cannot be 
propagated in a suitable dielectric waveguide 
or stored in a suitable hollow metallic or di- 
electric resonator. However, for the sake of 
any preferred mode stability, especially in 
oversized waveguide, the coherence property 
is important." 
It should be noted (fig. 10, a to f) that when 
wing vibration stops and frequency emission 
drops off, the internal thoracic temperature 
drops faster than the FIR output from the 
thorax (b and c), Thus, the IR signal and 
thoracic temperature are together at} m (a), 
but diverge as the wing vibrations cease. The 
thoracic temperature drops quickly toward 
the ambient temperature (d), If vibrations 
start again, as shown in figure 10, e, the 
thoracic temperature rapidly closes toward 
the IR ,>m, and both thoracic temperature 
and IR signal increase simultaneously (f). 
From these recordings, we see that the FIR 
signal maintains maximum power longer than 
the thoracic temperature. There are indica- 
tions of an excellent coded signal system in 
these recordings. 
In order to test the hypothesis that moths 
not only transmit FIR radiation but are also 
attracted to it, a 12-foot* room was painted 
black, sealed from all extraneous light, and 
the temperature controlled at 69° F, A black- 
body, consisting of a 4-watt mercury arc- 
argon discharge tube wrapped in black tape, 
was located in the center of the room. This 
source emitted in the 9-yw region. No visible 
light was detectable. Stickum® was smeared 
on boards on either side of the blackbody as 
a trap for the moths. One hundred corn ear- 
worm moths were released in the darkroom, 
which was kept in continuous darkness during 
the experiment. Fifty-two moths were trapped 
on the Stickum® boards at the blackbody ra- 
diator (fig. 11, instruments removed during 
experiment), The moths were trapped in a 
semicircular pattern along the axis of the 
radiator, indicating that they had oriented 
to the Am of the emitter. No moths were taken 
on a dummy check. Later the blackbody was 
scanned with the IR bolometer to determine 
the output pattern. Figure 12 shows the total 
catch plotted and the characteristic landing 
pattern, with a maximum catch along the four 
lobes of the emitter. 
A further experiment was conducted to 
eliminate the possibility that the Stickum ® 
was attracting the moths. A box 3 feet long 
Table 4,~-Wavelength (ym) and energy output of blackbody radiation pattern compared with 
those of corn earworm moth radiation 






Wave- 



Radiator 
Probe bclometer 

Blackbody center... 
Blackbody lobes.... 
Corn earworm thorax 
Backgrounds .'.  «eretete 
166 
length |Temperature (°C.) | yatts/om2 
W 
Incident 
energy in 
Watts/em,2 
source at 
W max, 
factor of 
energy at 
corre- 
sponding 
earworm 
wavelength 



Photons/ 
sec./em.2 






