= Bho 
Theba pisana (Muller) 
Plate I, I 
Shell of medium size, wider than high, and perforate. Its color is white, 
or ivory, and is usually banded with brown lines, some of which are 
generally interrupted into dots and dashes. The whorls are well-rounded 
and sculptured with many fine spiral striae. The nuclear whorls are 
usually dark brown or black, giving the appearance of a black dot on the 
top of the spire. The aperture is roundly- or ovate-lunate. The lip is 
sharp, but often ringed inside with a callus or thickening. Adult shells 
(with 4-5 whorls) are 18-20 mm. in diameter. 
This species is most easily confused with Helicella maritima, but is 
perforate rather than umbilicate, and is spirally striate. 
Distribution: Ireland, southwestern England, Switzerland, western 
France, Mediterranean countries, Introduced into the Atlantic Islands, 
South Africa, Australia, and formerly in California. 
This species is now apparently completely eradicated in California. Itwas 
a particular pest to citrus crops and once established proved to be very 
difficult to control. 
Helicigona arbustorum (Linnaeus) 
Plate I, N 
Shell large, perforate, somewhat globular, with well rounded whorls, 
which are strongly sculptured with fine spiral striae. Its color is yellow 
with horn-colored or reddish-brown markings and a single dark brown 
spiral band. The aperture is ovate-lunate. Adults (with reflected lips) 
measure 20-27 mm. in diameter and have 5-6 whorls. 
Distribution; Chiefly a north European species, but extends into Spain, 
Italy, and the Crimean region. Introduced into Newfoundland. 
Otala lactea Muller 
PlatesineD 
Shell large, depressed, imperforate and spirally striate. It is white with 
reddish-brown spiral color bands flecked with white, and has a dark brown 
aperture and lip. The whorls are well-rounded, the lip in adults widely 
reflected. The aperture is ovate-lunate. Adults have five whorls and 
measure 28-36 mm. in diameter. 
