34 INTERRELATIONS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS 



called the compound eyes. Some insects have only compound 

 eyes, some only simple e^^s, but most insects have both. The 

 simple ej^'es of the bee may be found by a careful observer be- 

 tween and above the compound eyes. 



Insects can distinguish certain differences in color ; they can see 

 moving objects, but the}^ do not seem to be able to make out form 

 well. On the other hand, the}^ appear to have an extremely well- 

 developed sense of smell. Insects can perceive at a great distance 

 odors which to the human nose are not recognizable. Night-flying 

 insects, especiall}^, find flowers by odor rather than by color. 



Mouth Parts of the Bee. — The mouth of the bee is adapted to 

 take in pollen and nectar, and is used for some of the purposes for 

 which man would use the hands and j 



fingers. The honeybee laps or sucks ^^ C^~^ 

 nectar from flowers, it chews the pol- ^^Ejrf ibr md] 



^^mple eye 



Simpk eye 



The head of a bee, front and side views. 



Mouth parts of a grasshopper, 



for comparison with those of a 

 bee. Ihr, labrum, or upper lip ; 

 md, mandibles, the biting jaws; 

 hyp, hypopharnyx, or tongue ; 

 7713;, maxillae or under jaws; m.p. 

 maxillary palps, sensory organs ; 

 lab, labium or under lip — with 

 l.p. labial palps. 



len, and it uses part of the mouth as a trow^el in making the honey- 

 comb. The mouth parts may be seen in action by watching a bee 

 on a well-opened flower. 



Butter and Eggs {Linaria vulgaris). — From July to October 

 the very abundant weed called butter and eggs may be found 

 especially along roadsides and in sunny fields. It bears a tall and 

 conspicuous cluster of yellow and orange flowers. 



The corolla projects into a spur on the lower side; an upper 

 two-parted lip shuts down upon a lower three-parted lip. The 

 four stamens are in pairs, two long and two short. 



