HYGIENE OF MUSCLES AND BONES 



115 



is among the causes. Exercises which strengthen the back muscles 

 are helpful in forming the habit of erect carriage. 



ffumerus- — 



Radius and uind, ^ 



bones of the forearm 



Diagram showing action of biceps muscle. 



The muscle cells 2 

 have (onfracfed 



Muscles work in pairs, as A and B. 



Slight curvature of the spine either backward or forward is 

 helped most by exercises which tend to straighten the body, such 

 as stretching up with the hands above the head. Lateral curvature 

 of the spine, too often caused 

 by a "hunched-up" position 

 at the school desk, may also 

 be corrected by exercises which 

 tend to lengthen the spinal 

 column. 



One of the most frequent 

 types of postural defect, found 

 during the World War, is flat- 

 foot. Tight shoes, high heels, 

 and '' toeing out " all play a 

 part in this defect. A severe 

 case produces strain known as 

 a '' broken arch," and this 

 condition may produce severe 

 pain or even nervous disorders. 

 An orthopedic specialist should 

 be consulted in such cases. 



It is the duty of every girl 

 and boy to have good posture 

 and erect carriage, not only 



because of the better state of Bad posture. Good posture. 



