182 



RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION 



and throat are subject. It is indicated by the constant secretion 

 of mucus from this membrane. Frequent spraying of the nose 

 and throat with some mild antiseptic solutions is found helpful. 

 Chronic catarrh should be attended to by a physician. Often we 

 find children breathing entirely through the mouth, because the 

 air passages in the nose are closed. When this has gone on for 

 some time the nose and throat should be examined by a physi- 

 cian for ad'enoids, or growths of soft masses of tissue which fill up 



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The Schaefer method of artificial respiration. 



the nose cavity, thus causing mouth breathing. Many a child, 

 backward at school, thin and irritable, has been changed to a 

 healthy, normal, bright scholar by the removal of adenoids. Some- 

 times the tonsils at the back of the mouth cavity become diseased 

 and enlarged, causing serious- throat troubles and sometimes acute 

 rheumatism and heart disease. (See page 151.) 



Suffocation and Artificial Respiration. — Suffocation results 

 from shutting off the supply of oxygen from the lungs. It may 

 be brought about by an obstruction in the windpipe, by a lack of 

 oxygen in the air, due to inhaling some other gas in quantity, by 



