of the same size, or about 3 per square mile. In addition, six traps were 
placed at about l-mile intervals extending out 6 miles from the outer edge of 
the eastern circle in a north, south, and east direction. The center of the 
eastern circle was 6 miles west of Oxford. The land in this area is gently 
rolling and about half of it is wooded. 
In 1961, the light traps were placed near farmhouses to obtain power. In 
1962, they were located close to secondary electric service, which in some 
instances was near farmhouses. 
METHODS OF HANDLING AND MARKING MOTHS 
In 1961, bait traps were examined at intervais of 2 to 3 days. Most of the 
time light traps were emptied daily. In 1962, certain traps were examined daily 
and all hornworms counted. The remainder were emptied at intervals of about 10 
days, but no counts were made since most of the moths were dismembered by preda- 
ceous beetles. 
In marking experiments, live moths were removed from the traps early in the 
morning and placed in carrying cages. When all were collected, those showing no 
injury were marked on the wings and released immediately or sometimes put back 
into carrying cages and released later. At first, various kinds of lacquer were 
painted on the wings, but these materials failed to stick even when the scales 
had been removed. Small round holes were then punched in the wings, but these 
tended to fray out and become unrecognizable. Legs and antennae were clipped, 
but this technique proved to be unreliable when many unmarked moths were found 
with missing appendages. The most reliable mark was a smear of artist's oil 
paint on the wing. It was necessary to rub in the paint with the head of a nail 
or some similar object. Different colors were used for releases in different 
places or on different days. 
COMPARATIVE CATCHES OF BAIT TRAPS AND LIGHT TRAPS 
The numbers of hornworm moths caught in the first experiment in 1961 are 
shown in table 1. Twenty-eight bait traps caught nothing, and the catch of the 
remainder was never more than a small fraction of the numbers taken by the light 
traps. Bait traps caught nothing before June 13, although the light-trap catch 
indicated a fairly heavy flight of moths. The mean catch of P. sexta in the 
light traps was 206 times that in the bait traps, and for P. quinquemaculata it 
was about 36 times. In the bait traps the percentage of males was DS) Lor 
P. sexta and 54 for P. quinguemaculata, whereas in the light traps it was 85 for 
De sexta and 64 for P. quinquemaculata. In reared material of both species, 
males co comprise about 50 percent. Thus, it appears that although the catch of 
bait traps was nearly normal in sex ratio, the number captured was very low in 
comparison with light traps at all seasons and zero during the early part of the 
season. 
