REVIEW. 2 I 9 



In the forefront of the Geological section is placed a translation 

 of the monograph by Baron von Ettingshausen on the Fossil Flora of 

 New Zealand. This furnishes the student with a full translation of 

 the original memoir in German — the plates have also been redrawn 

 and reduced. It seems somewhat startling to find a flora in the Shag 

 Valley containing a palm and two species of kauri, an oak, an elm 

 and an alder. 



On the local stratigraphical geology of the Tertiary series in 

 Hawkes Bay, Mr. Hill splinters lances with the Geological Survey. 



The question of the Moa seems reviving again, and we have two 

 short notes on the subject by the Curator of the Canterbury Museum. 

 The papers in this section number eleven and are all interesting. 



In Botany, Messrs. T. Kirk, W. Colenso, Cheeseman, and Petrie 

 contribute papers and make considerable additions to the flora ; the 

 paper on the endemic group of Olearias with solitary or racemose 

 flower heads, will, no doubt, appeal strongly to horticulturalists, as 

 all the species are handsome and easily cultivated. 



The fourth and concluding section is very appropriately headed, 

 Miscellaneous. There are, however, two articles of sterling interest, 

 one on the Story of John Rutherford, and the other on the Outlying 

 Islands of New Zealand ; most of the others serve -to produce a 

 volume of unusual bulk. 



The great disappointment in the volume is the small number of 

 new names in the list of contributors of papers, the same names 

 running through the volumes year after year. All honour to those 

 who keep their shoulder to the wheel and work in their harness, 

 but where are their imitators ? There is still an almost virgin field of 

 research of every kind, but the rising generation seems in earnest in 

 nothing but close and willing study of the motions of a particularly 

 prolate spheroid, in a field containing as essentials, objects called 

 goals. Certainly the pursuit of this study strengthens the body and 

 is commendable, in moderation, but there are times and places for all 

 things. 



A. H. 



ICE-MARKS AND THEIR COUNTERFEITS. 



BY PROF. F. W. RUTTON, F.G.S. 



(Read at the Meeting of the Australasian Association for th 3 Advancement of Science, 



in Christchurch.) 



Introduction. 



Ice as a geological agent may be divided into land-ice and 

 floating-ice ; each of which may be again subdivided — the first into 

 glacier-ice and ice-sheet, the second into ice-berg and ice-floe, or 

 shore-ice. 



Glaciers occur only in valleys among mountains. They may 

 «xist in any latitude provided the mountains are high enough. At 

 the present time the glaciers of Antisana and Illiniss?, in Ecuador, 



