RED-THROATED PIPIT. 157 



braiicli of the family; its claw being much curved. 

 There has been much confusion about this bird in con- 

 sequence of this fact being overlooked. Schlegel, Deg- 

 land, and others have considered it a local variety of 

 A. pratensis. But if it is a local variety or race of 

 anything, it must be of A. ohscurus, (Rock Pipit^) and 

 not of the Meadow. 



The Red-throated Pipit is an inhabitant of Northern 

 Europe and Northern Africa. MiddendorfF, ("Sibirische 

 reise," vol. ii., p. 165,) remarks, "It is generally Anthus 

 rupestris, (Rock Lark,) that is considered the northern 

 representative of the genus. I have not met with one 

 in North Siberia for years, and only exceptionally on 

 the European coast of the Russian or Northern Ocean. 

 There is in the extreme north of the old world the A, 

 cervinus, Pallas, in great multitudes." 



It is found plentifully in Egypt, Nubia, Greece, 

 Turkey, and Barbary, during the winter. I have been 

 favoured with the following very interesting account of 

 the discovery of this bird in East Finmark, by Alfred 

 Newton, Esq., of Elvedon, who has also most obligingly 

 sent me the skins, from which my figures are taken: — 



"Oi\ the 22nd. of June, 1855, a few days after our 

 arrival at Wadso, in East Finmark, Mr. W. H. Simpson 

 and I, in the course of a birds'-nesting walk to the 

 north-east of the town, to the distance perhaps of a 

 couple of English miles, came upon a bog, whose ap- 

 pearance held out greater promise to our ornithological 

 appetites than we had hitherto met with in Norway. 

 We had crossed the meadows near the houses, where 

 Temminck's Stint and the Shore Lark were thrilling out 

 their glad notes, and traversed a low ridge of barren 

 moor, when the solicitude of a pair of Golden Plovers 

 plainly told us, that they had eggs or. young near us. 



