172 PENNSYLVANIAN PIPIT. 



Ohsciirus, among whom it passes unnoticed and unknown. 

 More recently it was captvired near Edinburgh by 

 Professor Macgillivray, who has given a lengthened and 

 very accurate description of the bird in his "Manual of 

 Ornithology," as Anthus spinoletta. He records two spe- 

 cimens shot near Edinburgh on the 2nd. of June, 1824. 



More recently still, Mr. Robert Gray, of Glasgow, 

 has published an account of the occurrence of three 

 specimens near that city. Mr. Morris has mentioned 

 these captures in his work on "British Birds," vol. ii, 

 J). 158, but the figure given was not taken from Mr. 

 Gray's specimens which that gentleman informs me were 

 unfortunately not preserved; but they corresponded in 

 every particular with the description given by Mr. 

 Macgillivray, clearly proving them to have belonged to 

 the present species. 



In America, the Pennsylvanian Pipit arrives in the 

 Eastern and Central states from its breeding place in 

 the north, about the middle of October. 



In its habits, it is, as might have been inferred from 

 its hind claw, intermediate between the Meadow and 

 Pock Pipits of this country. It aiFects ploughed fields, 

 running rapidly on the ground, but is also frequently 

 found in the neighbourhood of rivers and marshes, and, 

 as Nuttall has remarked, is especially fond of rocky 

 coasts. "They utter a feeble note like 'tweet, tweet,' 

 with the final tone often plaintively prolonged, and when 

 in flocks they wheel about and fly pretty high, and to 

 a considerable distance before they alight." 



"It makes its nest in mountainous countries, even upon 

 the sterile plains of those which are most elevated; 

 more rarely in salt marshes, or in tufts of grass, on 

 shelving rocks near the sea." — (Nuttall Man. of Or- 

 nithology, vol. i. p. 452.) 



