16 ; PROCEEDINGS OF THE [Feb. 1860. 



small green fly, or au orange-colored grub may be discovered. Another con- 

 spicuous feature is exhilited in the nascent involucres which crown the bare 

 twigs. The naked tree in Winter is readily identified by these appearances ; 

 but Dogwood should be best known by its hark, which is gnarly or rough, 

 cracked into little whelks and hollows, has a dark hue and is both tonic and bit- 

 ter; while the tree itself, like, the Bay, has a bow; and, to conclude with a 

 doggrell, 



"Beneath the overarching shade 



Of the Dogwood's spreading bough, 

 The Chienne Indians as is said 



Mee. in Council or pow-wow." 



The true origin, however, of the name is, perhaps, unknown to many who 

 familiarly use it. Evelyn, in his "Forest Trees" informs us whence it was 

 probably derived : "But it is very odd what Matthioius affirms upon his own 

 experience, that one who has been bitten of a mad dog, if in a year i fter he 

 handle the wood of tJiis tree till it grows warm, relapses into his former dis- 

 temper." 



Kalm, who visited America in 1748, states that in the vicinity of Philadel- 

 phia, the Cornelian Cherry had. on the 5th October, already a mixture of 

 browii and pale leaves. The name of Cornelian Cherry was originally that of 

 the European C. sanguinea. C. masc.-virginiana was that applied by the earlier 

 botanists to our G. fiorida. 



In bright contrast with the Dogwood, the Hickories ( Gary a tomentosa, and 

 C. glabra, ToRR. ; C.porcina, Ndtt., Mx., Ell. ; to which may be added C. 

 amara, Nutt., Mx., Ell., though not so frequently in company, — the com- 

 mon White-heart Hickory or Mocker nut. Pig-nut and Bitter-nut or Swamp 

 Hickory, also commonly known as Pig- nut and confounded with C. glabra,) 

 are of a vivid yellow. Their leaves have just commenced to fall : some are al- 

 ready becoming brown and crisp. When at the latter stage, a week or there- 

 abouts later, those of the Pig-nut are distinguished from those cf the first by 

 their being of a lighter brown or greenish- red, the common Hickory likewise 

 having the upper surface of a redder hue, and the lower somewhat hoary, 

 with a strong<',r development of mid-rib and veins. By December 10th, they 

 were denuded. Their nuts have fallen sometime since, those of the Fig-nut 

 the soonest. Michaux observes that the sole feature by which the two former 

 are distinguished from one another in winter after the leaves have fallen, is 

 the character of the shoots of the preceding summer and of the buds, the for- 

 mer being brown in ihe Pig-nut, and less than half as large as those of the 

 Mocker-nut, terminated by small oval buds. The buds of the latter are large, 

 whitish-gray and Very hard.* According to Kalm, Hickories in the vicinity 

 of Philadelphia were yet entirely green on the 5th October. 



The Tulip tree, [Liriodendron tulipifera,) had cast most of its leaves. It was 

 not so conspicuous an object at this time as earlier, and as it is in other districts 



* Only comparatively : they are more of a tawnj^ color. Those of the Bitter-nut are dis- 

 tinguished as being naked and of a fine yellow. The bark also of the (.ommon Hickorj' is 

 much the most rugged. 



