Aue. 14, 1884.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
St 
| 
struction of fish embryos, and that may be embraced under 
the head of “shocks” which pervert development. We know, 
for instance, that shocks, given to fish eggs during the time 
that they are in process of incubation, will often produce mon- 
strosities, and if yery violent will cause death. Shocks may 
pe exerted as the result of natural causes, or may be brought 
about in the course of the application of artificial methods in 
the incubation of fish ova, The ordinary mode of formation 
of any fish embryos is around a globular yitellus. There is 
a dome-shaped cap of plastic material formed over the yelk 
in which nuclear matteris imbedded immediately after fer- 
tilization, Segmentation proceeds step by step, and in the 
course of this process shocks may produce aberration of 
development, The germinal matter at first covers, or is 
partially scattered through the vitellus and connected with 
the surface, migrating toward that surface and to one point 
so as to form a discoidal germinal mass at one side of the egg, 
That, of cgurse, is not the first. step in development. Now, it 
is easy to understand that shocks would impair the delicate 
processes of development gomg on within, especially when 
we remember that during this time the nuclear matter is 
arranged in a certain peculiar way, and that as cleavage pro- 
ceeds, this nuclear body elongates and throws out rays 
through the enveloping protoplasmic matter. If at this stage 
of development I should shake the eggs violently, a second 
embryonic axis may be formed which soon fuses with the 
axis of the originally formed embryo, and the result would be 
a double-headed fish, Thus you can readily see that, certain 
forces tend to diminish the number of normally developed 
embryos, malforming them and producing irregularities which 
eannot become adult or perfect fishes like the parents, 
i have only mentioned some of the forces which are opera- 
tive in diminishing the chances of survival of young fishes, 
but I trust that enough has been said to indicate to some ex- 
tent the nature of the problems still to be solyed by those who 
are interested in the breeding, protection and multiplication 
of food fishes, 
The first and most important principle which I would espe- 
cially commend to the thoughtful attention of the Association 
is the general law already hinted at, namely: that just i pro- 
portion as the individuals of a species are prolific in respect to 
the number of their germs, just in that proportion do the 
chances of survival of the individual germs seem to be dimin- 
ished, and vice versa, and that this natural fecundity, or the 
want of it, is dependent upon the amount of protection re- 
ceived by the eggs in the course of development. 
Prov. Ginn: The observations of Mr. Ryder are very inter- 
esting, and ibis one of those strange cases that weso often 
meetin nature—the accommodation and correlation of different 
things, In this case we have the number of eggs in a certain 
ratio to the capability of the young fish to take care of them- 
selves. We have it now established on a large basis that there 
is generally a close correlation between the two, and that the 
number of eggs is in inverse ratio to the capability of the 
young to protect themselves. Besides the cases alluded to by 
Mr. Ryder, we have an interesting instance of the female of 
one type of catfish found in South America, Aspredinidce, in 
which there occur periodically swellings of the skin of the 
abdomen in which the eggs are received, and therein they are 
nourished for some time. Again in the same group, or order 
of catfishes, but in another family, we have the Arit, 
in which the male parent takes care of the eggs by 
holding them in his mouth, and so preserving them 
from danger yery skilfully. Care is taken of the young by 
other species of the family. It was with great interest that 
some months ago Mr, Ryder and myself observed the habits 
of our common catfish, The male hoyered over the young, 
and when feeding frequently took the young into his mouth, 
but always ejected them again, thus discriminating accurately 
between the objects taken as food and the young fish incident- 
ally transferred to his mouth. This same habit of taking care 
of the young in the mouth is exhibited by certain Cichlids, 
forms somewhat like, and perhaps akin to, our common sun- 
fishes. One of these is a fish found in the Holy Land, a species 
of Ohromis. And the same peculiar habit is likewise mani- 
fested by species of the same family living in South America, 
the Geophagi. The belief was also long current, and 
found expression in most of the old books, that fishes 
not only did not take care of their young, but were 
invariably viviparious. We all know now how false 
such a statementis. In one class, the Selachians, the larger 
proportion of forms are viviparous. For example, of the 
sharks proper, three-fourths, or more, are viviparous, and the 
same statement holds good with respect to the rays or skates. 
Thus, out of 150 species of rays, over 100 are viviparous, and 
another noteworthy tact is that the oviparous rays are nearly 
all included in one family—the common skates or rays brought 
to our markets. ‘his feature of viviparity was known to the 
ancient naturalist, Aristotle, who even went so far as to say 
that the Selachians were viviparous, while all scaly fishes 
were oyiparous. There, however, he erred, for there is no 
such limitation. Many of the Selachians are oviparous, and, 
on the other hand, many of the scaly fishes are vivipar- 
ous, For instance, all the Hmbiotocoids are viviparous; 
and of these the common perch of the Pacific is an ex- 
ampls; also viviparous are the eelpout of our markets, and 
species of the Cyprinodont family among others. Viviparity 
is, indeed, largely manifested among fishes. The only reason 
why reverse statements are found in the old books is that in 
Europe these cases were almost unknown. Lagree with the 
statement of Mr. Ryder that confinement frequently affects 
the power of procreation, either directly or indirectly, and 
this does not apply to fishes alone, as is evident from the expe- 
rience of those in charge of menageries and zoological gardens. 
It is known that many animals and birds which are confined 
seem to live with perfect freedom in zoological collections, 
but they do not bring forth young, or their eggs are sterile. 
There are many exceptions to this rule, but many cases of 
sterility for which we ¢an assign no other cause. Somewhat 
analogous is the peculiar a condition of animals 
Evite in confinement, in which the bones become softened or 
rickety. 
FISHWAYS FOR SCOTLAND.—Col. Marshall McDonald, 
Commissioner of Fisheries in Virginia and Assistant to the 
United States Fish Commission, is at present in Perthshire by 
invitation of the Tay District Wishery Board for the purpose 
of inspecting the rivers in the Tay district and submitting 
plans for the erection of salmon ways or passes at such points 
as the board may think advisable, and more especially at the 
Falls of Tumimel and on the Hricht above the Blairgowrie 
Bridge. Col, McDonald visited the Falls of Tummel on Thurs- 
day and the obstructions of the Ericht on Friday, and on Sat- 
urduy he had a conference with the members of the Tay 
Hishery Board in the office of Messrs. McKenzie & Dickson, 
solicitors, Perth, and it is expected that his formal report will 
be submitted in the course of the next few days. Col. 
McDonald is a member of the United States Fish Commission, 
and is charged with the administration of some of its most 
important functions. He is at present on furlough, and is vis- 
iting Hurope for the purpose of investigating the methods of 
fishculture and of the fisheries as practiced in the different 
localities.—Dundee Advertiser, July 29. 
POLITICAL. 
This, ii appears, is to be in some weasure a campaign of hatehets. 
The parly organs and party orators have signified no purpose to em- 
ploy the truthful hatchet to any great extent, but the clubs organized 
for parade will carry rather sayage-looking weapons of the hatchet 
ordér,—FPiiiladelphia Times, 
Yes, but since the youthful days of Gearge Washington there has 
neyer been a hatchet that would dosuch work as "Nessmuk’s,” de- 
seribed in “ Wooderatt,” (N. B, $1 per copy, this office). ” 
i 
The Kennel, 
FIXTURES. 
BENCH SHOWS. 
Sept. 1 to 6— Bench Show of the Lancaster County Wair Association, 
Lancaster, Pa. Entries close Aug, 30, J. B. Long, Secretary, 6 West 
King street, Lancaster, Pa, 
Sept, 2, 8 and 4,—Bench Show of the New England Fair, Manches- 
ter, N. H. Wntries close Aug. 28, C, A, Andrews, Superintendent, 
West Boxford, Mass. 
Sept. 9, 10 and 11.—Third Annual Bench Show of the Montreal Ken- 
nel Club, Entries close Sept. 1. Chas. Lincoln, Superintendent. J. 
§. Wall, Secreary, P. O. Box 1,246, Montreal, Canada. 
Sept. 16, 17 and 18.—Collie Bench Show and Field Trials of the 
Ontario Collie Club, Toronto, Ont. Entries close Aug. 24. Mr, H, J. 
Hill, Secretary, Toronto. 
Sept. 16, 17,18 and 19.—Bench Show of the Philadelphia Kennel 
Club. Chas. Lincoln, Superintendent. Mr, Benj. C0. Satterthwaite, 
Secretary. 
Oct. 5, 9,10 and 11.—Vhird Annual Bench Show of the Danbury 
Agricultural Society, Danbury, Conn, Wntries close Oct. 1. E.§, 
Dayis, Superintendent, Danbury. Conn. 
Oct, 21, 22, 23 and 24.—first Annual Fall Bench Show of the West- 
minster Kennel Club, Madison Square Garden, New York. Mr, Chas. 
Lincoln, Supermtendent. 
‘ FIELD TRIALS. 
Pec. 8 —Sixth Annual Trials of the National American Kennel Club 
at Canton, Miss. D, Bryson, Seeretary, Memphis, Tenn. 
A. K. R. 
HEH AMERICAN KENNEL REGISTER, for the registration of 
pedigrees, ete. (with prize lists of allshows and trials), is pub- 
lished every month, Entries close on the ist. Should be in early. 
Entry blanks sent on receipt of stamped and addressed enyelope. 
Registration fee (25 cents) must accompany each entry. No entries 
inserted unless paid in adyance. Yearly subscription $1. Address 
“American Kennel Register,’ P. O. Box 2832, New York, Number 
of entries already printed 1490, Volumel., bound in cloth, sent 
postpaid, $1.50. 
MONTREAL DOG SHOW. 
HE third annual bench show of the Montreal Kennel Club 
will be held at Montreal, Sept. 9, 10 and 11. Major J. M. 
Taylor, Lexington, Ky., and Mr. James Mortimer, New York, 
have been selected as judges. The entries close Sept, 1, Fol- 
lowing is the premium list: 
Mastrrrs.—Champion dogs or bitches $10; open, dogs $10 
and $5, bitches the same. 
St. BERNARDS.—Champion rough-coated dogs $10, bitches 
the same; smooth-coated dogs $10, bitches the same; open, 
rough-coated dogs $10 and $5, bitches the same, smooth-coated 
dogs the same, bitches the same; puppies, dogs or bitches $5 
and medal, rough-coated the same. 
NEWFOUNDLANDS.— Dogs $10 and $5, bitches the same. 
DEERHOUNDS.—Champion dogs or bitches $10; open, dogs 
$10 and $5, bitches the same. 
GREyHOuUNDS.—Champion dogs $10, bitches the same; open, 
d®es $10 and $5, bitches the same. 
SETTERS.—Champion English dogs $20, bitches the same; 
open, dogs $15 and #5, bitches the same; puppies, dogs or 
bitches $10 and $5; Irish setters same as English; black and 
tan setters the same. 
Pointprs.—Champion dogs over 55 pounds or bitches under 
50 pounds $20, dogs under 55 pounds or bitches under 50 
pounds the same; open, dogs amy weight $15 and $5, bitches 
the same; puppies, dogs or bitches $5 and medal. 
SPANIELS,—Champion Lrish water, dogs or bitches $15; open, 
dogs $10 and $5, bitches the same. Clumber, dogs or bitches 
$10 and $5, Champion Field, dogs or bitches, any color, $15; 
open, dogs $10 and $5, bitches the same. Champion cockers, 
dogs or bitches, any color, $15; open, dogs $10 and $5, bitches 
the same; puppies, field or cocker, dog or bitch $10. 
FoxHouNDS.—Dogs $10 and $5, bitches the same. 
HARRIpRS.—Dogs $10 and $5, bitches the same. 
DALMATIANS.—Dogs or bitches $10 and $5. 
BEAGLES.—Dogs $10 and $5, bitches the same. 
Fox-TERRIERS.—Champion dogs, special, bitches the same; 
open, dogs $7 and $3, bitches the same; puppies, dogs or 
bitches $5; wire-haired, dogs or bitches, special and 55. 
CoLtins.—Champion dogs, medal and special, bitches the 
same; open, dogs $10 and $5, bitches the same; puppies, dogs 
or bitches $2 and $3. 
BuLLpoGs.—Champion dogs or bitches, medal and special, 
open $10 and $5. i 
THRRIERS.—Champion bull-terriers, dogs or bitches, medal 
and special; open, dogs or bitches $10 and $5. Champion 
black and tan, dogs other than toy, medal and special, bitches 
the same; open, dogs over? pounds $7 and $5, bitches the 
same, dogs under 7 pounds the same, bitchesthe same; pup- 
pies of 1884, litter not less tham three, $5. Bedlingtons, 
champion dogs or bitches, medal and special; open, dogs $7 
and $3, bitches the same. Irish terriers, dogs $7 and $3, 
bitehes the same. Champion Skyes, dogs or bitches, medal 
and special; open, dogs $7 and $3, bitches the same. Hard- 
haired Scotch, dogs or bitches $7 and $5. Champion York- 
shires, dogs over 5 pounds, medal and special, bitches the 
same, dogs under 5 pounds the same, bitches the same; open, 
dogs over 5 pounds $7 and $3, bitches the same, dogs under 5 
pounds the same, bitches the same. Silver grey terriers, dogs 
over 5 pounds $7 and $3, bitches the same, dogs or bitches 
under 5 pounds the same. Broken-haired toys, dogs or bitches 
the same. 
Pues.—Champion dogs or bitches, medal and special; open, 
dogs $7 and $3, bitches the same. 
Kine CHARLES SPANIELS.—Champion dogs or bitches, medal 
and special; open $7 and $3. 
BLENHEIM AND JAPANESE SPANIELS.—Dogs or bitches $7 
and $a. 
ITALIAN PERE U RUB es or bitches $7 and $3. 
PoopLes.—Dogs or bitches $7 and 53. 
MiscELLANEOUS.—Three prizes of 55 each. 
PHILADELPHIA DOG SHOW. 
Be rooms of the Philadelphia Kennel Chub, northzast cor- 
ner Thirteenth and Market streets, have been offered for 
the meeting of the delegates from the several kennel clubs in 
the United States in answer to the call of Messrs. J. M. Tay- 
lor and Elliot Smith forthe formation of a National Bench 
Show Association. Wednesday, Sept, 17, 10 o’clock A. M., is 
the time appointed for the meeting, and it is hoped many rep- 
resentatives will be present, The following is a list of the 
special prizes donated for the coming Philadelphia dog show. 
A number of others have been promised and will be added. 
Premium lists will be ready in a few days, and will be fur- 
nished on application by Mr. Charles Lincoln, Superintendent, 
whose office will be located at the rooms of the Philadelphia 
Kennel Club, corner Thirteenth and Market streets, Phila- 
delphia. Homo, 
SPECIAL PRIZE LIST. 
Best mastiff, dog or bitch, silver coffee urn and lamp ($40). 
Best rough-coated St. Bernard, dog or bitch, framed picture 
entitled ‘‘In Ambush” ($60), / 
Best Newfoundland dog, box cigars ($10). 
Best greyhound, dog or bitch, silver cup (#40), 
Best deerhound, dog or bitch, field glass ($15), 
Best imported English setter dog, copper jardinier ($50). 
Best imported English setter bitch, mounted polar bear's 
head ($100), | j 
Best English setter dog bred in the United States, F, Wes- 
son breechloading rifle ($25), 
Best Bneglish setter bitch bred in America, shirts, collars and 
eulfs ($25). 
Best English setter bitch with two of her progeny, Glad- 
stone-Coomassie pup ($50), 
Best brace English setters, yelveteen shooting jacket (29). 
Best Irish setter dog, silver wine cooler ($25). 
Best Irish setter bitch in open class, silver cup. 
Best frish setter bitch and two of her progeny, dozen siver 
spoons in case ($24). 
Best Gordon setter, dog or bitch, painting (79). 
Best brace of Gordon setters, prize (S20), 
Best large pointer doz, shooting suit (Sal) 
Best large pointer bitch, silver cup ($25). 
Best small pointer dog, assorted chilled shot (&20). 
Best small pointer bitch, full set, breechloading implements. 
aut large pointer bitch with two of her progeny, silyer cup 
(B25). 
Best Chesapeake dog or bitch, prize collar, 
Best cocker spaniel dog, dogskin shooting jacket ($12). 
Best cocker spaniel bitch, siiver eup (#15). 
Best couple of foxhounds, silyersmonnted hunting crop ($40), 
Best foxhound dog, ladies’ riding hat (410). 
Best foxhound bitch, ladies’ riding whip (14). 
aes beagle, dog or bitch, Remington system Wlobert vifie 
(S15). 
Best beagle, dog or bitch, over twelve inches, silver aup, 
Best beagle, dog or bitch, under 12 inches, silver cup. 
Best basset or benchtegeed beagle, silver collar (14). 
Best fox-terrier, dog or bitch, prize collur. 
Best collie, dog or bitch, a Minton underglazed tile ($15). 
Best bull, dog or bitch, prize collar. 
Best bull-terrier, dog or bitch, Smith & Wesson reyolyer ($12), 
Best large black and tan tersier, dog or bitch, prize collar 
Best rough-haired terrier, silyer cup ($25). 
Best Yorkshire terrier, prize collar, 
Best Skye terrier, dog or bitch, silver ice pitcher (S25). 
Best pug, dog or bitch, Japanese bronze vase (40). 
Best Italian greyhound, dog or bitch, photograph album (#15), 
Best whiffet or running dog, dog or bitch, medal. 
At the Jast meeting of the Philadelphia Kennel Club, the 
judges for the coming show were selected, and invited to act. 
itisnot yet known which gentlemen will accept and there- 
fore no report cah be made to FOREST AND STREAM. 
The success of the show is assured, Many entries have al- 
ready come in, and our members are very enthusiastic. We 
are surprised that Philadelphia holds so mamy splendid speci- 
mens of both sporting and non-sporting dogs that hayes neyer 
been exhibited, 
The running races will be a great feature of the show, as 
over one hundred whilfets are owned in this city, many of 
which will compete. The display of beagles will be good, 
Foxhounds in packs will enter, and as Philadelphia and sur- 
rounding counties are noted for its fox-huntimg ciub, this 
class will be well represented. Homo. 
ENGLISH KENNEL 
AD, 
NEMPUS FUGIT. Heigho! Another fortnight gone, more 
notes to write. Where's that luntin’ pipe, fill hit with 
Maryland; now my quill; a plague on steel-uibs, here’s the 
virgin foolscap; now, what’s the news? I feel like Austin 
Dobson’s oldsun dial (“dark with many a stain” of mailice, 
thinks Mr. J. Sydney Turner): 
“round about its gray, time-eaten brow 
Lean letters speak—a worn and shattered row: 
Tam a shade; a shadowe, too, arte thou: 
Imarke the time; saye, gossip, uost thou soe?” 
NOTES. 
Why cert’nly! Once a fortnight with my gossip. 
Dorehester wasa pretty show, and its president worked 
hard to make it prosper. He induced his royal friend, the 
“Coming K.,” to exhibit, and presided at the show dinner. The 
royal benches were decked with roses, a lady’s inspiration, I 
hope. To the dogs’ olfactory nerves the flowers conveyed no 
compliment. They would have preferred their partitions 
hung with unpicked bones, strips of liver, paunch, and ¢at’s 
meat. Their appreciation of lowers was on an equal with the 
old huntsman's, whose hounds could not pick up the scent 
among ‘‘those stinking violets.” 
The beautiful prize cards given to exhibitors by the Dor- 
chester Committee deserve a word of praise. I like the idea of 
the prize cards, They look handsome framed and remain as 
a pleasant souvenir long after the prize money has been spent 
im solacing and lubricating the disappointed exhibitors. Some 
shows that used to have them seem to haye giyen them up, 
The Kennel Club adopted them one year, but the handsomest 
T have seen were those of Birmingham, Maty exhibitors are 
so attached to the idea that they take away the nailed-up 
show card from their dogs’ benches, When Messrs. Spratté in- 
troduced their metal labels, they found this a troublesome and 
expensive practice, so they placarded printed notices strin- 
gently forbidding prize winners to carry home their labels, 
This brings me to another habit that I regard as objection- 
able and undignified, that is, hanging a lot of little medals 
round a dog’s collar, each medal representing a plize won 
somewhere or other, Lady fanciers have for a long time past 
indulged this very feminine form of vanityin so decorating 
their spaniels and pugs, but I was disgusted atthe Crystal 
Palace to see a sporting dog, a setter, with his collar fur- 
nished with this ridiculous conceit. 
The management of a show have a yoice in this mabter and, 
should see toit. It is a practice that can speeaily develop into 
a nuisance. We shall soon haye dogs with earrings and 
bracelets. 
Bracelets I have seen already on poodles, but then poodles 
are a privileged class; they are the clowns of the dog world. 
I think it looks rather chic tosee asilver bangle on the pastern 
of a glossy black poodJe. A. poodle’s legs are generally shaved 
or clipped, leaving wristband rings of hair, just above this is 
the place for the bracelet, which must he fitted inside with 
elastic that makes it cling to the leg. Before tisting the 
poodle out of doors with it he must be taught to pick it wp 
and bring it to you whenever it drops off. Over here we domt 
need to waste time teaching these tricks, we can send our 
dogs to Felix and he will teach them as many tricks as we 
wish at a guinea each, [thinkibis, WPelix, whois an English- 
man in spite of his name, lives in London, and has almost a 
monopoly of the poodle market; he also deals largely in Great 
Danes. Pelix used to be a clown at Hengler’s circus, where 
he had the performing dogs. His power of teaching tricks 
amounts toa gift, and Lam pleased to say bis system 1s based 
on kindness. “What is the good of hitting them?” he asks, 
“you fummux them and make em nervous, and if they have 
any brains you shake’em up till they don’t know whether 
they are standing on their heads or their heels,” though either 
posture would be a good trick by the way. lt must be a very 
dense dog that Felix can’t educate. Of all breeds admittedly 
the poodle is the most tricky if not the most intelligent. Jtis 
instinct, I suppose, and that instinct which is assuredly hered- 
itary knowledge, for they are bred from long lines of tricksters. 
Poodles continue to fetch yery high prices, especially from 
people who are not fanciers, Fashionable people like them 
because itis a breed that cannot become common. They are 
foo expensive to keep in trim. In London a good poodle clip- 
per gets a physician’s tee for barbering my Lord’s Fido. 
Certainly there are clippers and clippers, your groom can do 
it for the matter of that, but it requires a technical touch to 
get those wavy, glossy shades of black over the loins, ib re- 
quires the expert's eye to leave the tufts over the quarters— 
well back if the doz is shortin the couplings and more for- 
ward if loosely cast and long in the back—an artificial length 
of face can also be given by 4 prachiced artist, Some people 
