— 
Juny 31, 1884,] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
11 
hounds took part, terming them canes graii hibernici, Neme- 
sian says, “Distant Britain sends swift dogs fitted to course 
our fields ” ees in his Cynegetieus, Lib. 1. line 465, men- 
tioned that the Greeks were acquainted with and valued that 
kind of dog termed agascus. Owing to the translators of Op- 
pian rendering the word baiow, small, writers fell into the 
abit of deeming the agaseus a “small” dog, anda Latin writer 
wondered why Oppian called these British dogs badoi, “little,” 
for, says he,“‘for in our age they are large.” Youatt and 
others were led into the same error through the translation of 
this word batou as “little,” whereas I hold, properly rendered, 
it means “‘slender.” Oppian mentions that these dogs were 
lean and coarse-haired, and armed with deadly teeth—being in 
itself a correct description of the rough Celtic greyhounds. 
Symmachus, who flourished about A. D. 400, informs us, 
Scotch greyhourids (which may he rendered Irish greyhounds, 
as Ireland was termed Scotia Major and Scotland Scotia Minor) 
were famous av that timeat Rome. ‘Rome beheld Scotch 
2 el on the day before the sports with astonishment, 
ete 
There is little question but that originally the Scotch deer- 
hound and the Irish wolfhound were one and the same breed. 
From the ancient Irish and Scotch posts we have a fair de- 
scription of what the dog was: 
‘The greyhound! the great hound! the graceful of limb: 
Rough fellow, tall fellow,** etc.; 
also, from Ossian’s poems, the “hairy-footed bran,” showing 
the breed was always rough-coated, and not smooth, for, as 
Capt. Graham rightly says: ‘Although several writers have 
incorrectly confused the great Dane with the Irish wolfhound, 
it is probable that the two breeds were not unfrequently 
crossed,” and he might have added that it is probable much 
great Danish blood runs in the veins of the purest of the 
modern deerhounds. The true rough Celtic greyhound was 
the windhund of the Germans; the Goathar, so named from 
Goath, the wind, on account of their speed, by the Celtic 
Britons, and the grewhunde or grighunde of the Anglo- 
Saxons, whence the English term greyhound or grewn’. The 
laws of the Welsh Princes of the ninth centry mention heavy 
poueiiies Jaid down against any one injuring the Irish grey- 
ound, as it was styled in the code, the “Canis Graius Hyber- 
nicus,” and in those days only Princes and chiefs might keep 
these dogs. Alfred the Great made a present of some wolf 
dogs to Tulos, Archbishop of Rheims. The whole passage is 
80 unique a piece of scholastic metaphor that were it not for 
the space it would take up deserves translation. Roderick, 
King of Connaught, was obliged to furnish greyhounds to 
Henry II., and King John gave one of these greyhounds, the 
verse-renowned Gelert, to Prince Llewelyn, 
Henry VII. presented four Irish greyhounds tothe Marquis 
of Dessarages, a Spaniard. Caius, alias Dr. John Kay, physi- 
cian to Edward VI, and Queens Mary and Elizabeth, rightly 
elassed the deerhound under the name of “gazehounde” and in 
Latin ““Agasaus,” stating that they were then even more used 
inthe northern than southern parts of England for hunting. 
tm November, 1566, Shane O'Neil forwarded to Queen Eliza- 
beth, through the famons Earl of Leicester, two Irish grey- 
hounds, and her Minister, Sir Francis Walsingham (who was 
educated at Cambridge and Eaobapey. a friend of Dr. Caius), 
in 1558 had a brace of Irish wolfhounds sent him from Ireland, 
Thaye enumerated carefully these importations of Trish grey- 
hounds to our English sovereigns, as it proves the Irish grey- 
hound was well known in this country to our kings and their 
nobility, and that Caius actually saw existing specimens. 
Coursing the deer with greyhounds was a royal sport, men- 
tioned in the treatise composed by the Master of the Game to 
Henry IV. for the use of hisson, Prince Henry. It runs to the 
effect, “When the King would think proper to hunt the hart 
in the parks or forests, either with bows or greyhounds,” ete. 
That this sport was continued until the times of Blizabeth and 
after we learn from various MSS. 
Tn Angust, 1591, when Queen Blizabeth visited Lord Mon- 
teath, at Cowdray, in Sussex, Her Highness killed three or 
four deer with a cross bow, vide ‘*Nichols’s Progresses,” Vol. 
I. The same author also informs us: “One day atter dinner 
Her Grace saw from a turret sixteen bucks, all having fair 
law, pulled down with greyhounds in the park.” Having 
personally visited Cowdray’s beautiful ruin in the summer of 
1883, and there seen the harp of the Lady Montagu, with the 
name of its Parisian maker still distinct, and also having in- 
spected in its yards Lord Egmont’s splendid herd of some 
t Alderney cows, one bull and several calves, all of pure 
blood and some of great beauty, [may be pardoned for here 
inflicting my readers with a few rough stanzas I thereon com- 
posed: 
“COWDKAY.” 
Oh, could T tune my thoughts to verse, 
Of crumbling ruins fair would I rehearse, 
And sing of regal state and ladies fair, 
Of sylvan sports and deerhounds rare, 
Of glories past and mighty deeds. 
Hentress and hounds should employ my reeds, 
The Diana-tike Queen, with martial air, 
With her Erin-bred dogs, well matched in pair; 
Their race and lineage would I deseant, 
Their pace so justly termed rolant, 
Cowdray, the wind whistling through thy ruined walls 
Now makes sad music to the poet's ear. 
Where now the gentile kine lowing in their stalls, 
Once housed the horse and hound io England’s Queen both dear. 
Where now the spiendor of thine iyied stair? 
Where “Bess the Good” saw from thy lofty tower 
Rolled o’er, ‘mid courtiers bright and fair, 
Many a buck, all having law. just aft dinner’s hour. 
Thy lady's harp, sole remnant of the past, 
Hangs rusting unto decay in thy kitchen hall. : 
In Paris framed, for musing ladies gay and lordlings fast; 
Sad token of joys fed, memento of song and ball, 
With Jadies fair, bent on pursuing pleasure’s fleeting wing. 
I list unto story of thy fire and *Lauffen‘s deep, 
Nor shall I forget thy fading beauties, and echoes ring, 
~ And tale of fate’s dark page, unto thy owners and their keep. 
} euisins the deer with these large greyhounds was con- 
tinued until the times of James the First, and continued until 
a much later date, and wp to the middle of the last century 
the greyhound was common and niumerous enough among the 
Celtic gentry. In 1615 the Irish greyhound was numerous 
enough, and the then Duke of Bucclengh and other nobles got 
dogs and bitches of the largest sort, and preferring the white 
ones, from Ireland. Iadstone states that Taylor, in his “Penni- 
less Pilgrimage.” mentions the strong Irish greyhound em- 
ployed in the Harl of Mae’s chase of thered deer in 1618. 
ennant, writing in 1769, calls the dog the Highland grey- 
hound, and states they were in great yogue in former days, 
and used in vast numbers at the magnificent stag chases by 
the chieftains. Bewick, as late as 1792, terms the breed the 
Scottish Highland greyhound or wolfdog. These remarks 
will show my readers that the ish wolfhonnd and so-termed 
Scottish deerhound are one and the same animal, bred up to 
the requirements of their owners, and perhaps Bewick’s title 
for the breed is the most correct after at. : 
_inan excellent httle work on dogs, by G. F, Pardou, pub- 
lished in 1857, in the frontispiece is an excellent engraving of 
the deerhound, greyhound, and Irish greyhound, by that 
«. 
* Lord Montagu, the then owner of Cowdray, was rowned in the 
ee of Lauffen, and the house was destroyed by fire about the same 
ime. ° 
prince of canine artists, Harrison Weir, by far the best depicter 
of dogs we have, as, fortunately for the fancier, he knows 
what thoroughbred dogs are and the points they should pos- 
sess. Such, alas, lcannot say for the immortal Landseer, 
whose early paintings show a decided loye for mongrelism, if 
not vulgarity. 
[have run my article to some length and must beg your 
pardon, Mr, Editor, for thus taking up so much of your valu- 
able space, but when an Englishman gets on his hobby, the 
dog, and more especially a Welshman, if genealogy enters into 
the subject, he can generally spin a yarn. M. B. Wynn. 
THE Enus, RorHuey, Loughborough, Leicestershire. 
A LETTER FROM AN 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
Wise men have had their say; 
When comes the noodles’ day? 
Not that I presume to claim the proud distinction of 
being a real noodle. Oh dear,no, I’m only a dweller on the 
outskirts, Not even a pointer or setter man, and therefore 
ready to tremble at my audacity in claiming a place in your 
columns. I read your paper for information and beg you will 
kindly give me enough to set my mind at intelligent rest in 
regard to a few matters. There are to be several bench shows 
next fall, are there not? I hope to be an exhibitor, and bear 
mysterious whispers about ‘‘judges,” ‘‘faking,” “merits of a 
dog,” ete. How are judges appointed; are they paid; do 
successful exhibitors make them presents; does etiquette allow 
them space in the newspapers when attacked; is it etiquette 
for them to give correspondents of the press points in regard 
to the dogs before or after their decisions; can they determine 
whether an animal is disqualified? What is “faking,” is it a 
synonym for unfairness, cheating? For instance, is it ‘‘faking” 
to smear clay over a sore just before a dog is led into the ring, 
to throw sawdust over crooked or weak ankles to conceal 
them; to sear the root of an animal’s tail to compel him to 
carry it low; to give an animal's age as six, when it is eight 
years or more—are these examples of the art? 
What is meant by the term ‘merits of a dog’”—has owner- 
ship any connection with them, or field qualities, intelligence, 
training, etc., or color, size, build, action, in short, upon what 
do they depend? 
Perhaps you will say any noodle could answer these 
questions, or would not have asked them, but I am nota 
noodle, only an ignoramus. One more query. If, by any 
mischance, I have to join the ranks of disappointed exhibitors, 
bye and bye, upon what conditions, and for how many 
months can I haye unlimited space in your kennel department 
in which to sing my song of woe and praise my precious pets? 
An answer will greatly enlighten an IGNORAMUS. 
Noopiuetown, Nowhere. 
[Gallantry prompts us to say that our fair correspondent 
shall have all the space she may want, ] 
IGNORAMUSs. 
TRAINING TRICK DOGS. 
6 "HES in here, a trainin’ ’em,” said the call boy of a well- 
: known theater, showing the reporter into a small, 
dingy dressing room behind the scenes. 
The visitor had just managed to hold his breath long enough 
to squeeze himself through the half closed door, when sud- 
denly what appeared to be a small ayalanche fell from the 
ceiling on the back of his neck, producing a smarting sensa- 
tion as if he had been struck simultaneously by four pin 
cushions, 
“She’s a jumper, ain’t she?” smilingly said Professor Parker, 
as he disengaged the claws of a ten-pound snow white female 
cat from the reporter’s shoulder, which he then shut up in a 
little box. ‘I was just putting the finishing touches on her. 
She’s a flyer from Flyville and no mistake, but it’s almost 
broken my heart to train her. She can jump twenty-five feet 
without trying, and the Lord only knows how much further 
if she took a notion. She’s neyer appeared in public yet, but 
her mother here is an old stager. it took me four solid months 
to break the old one. I’ve been putting six months’ work on 
this one. She’s exactly opposite in disposition to her mamma, 
The old lady was always holding back; the young ’un would 
rather jump than eat. It’s impossible to keep her quiet. 
_ “How are cats broken to go through a hoop of fire? Why, 
I put the cat in a small box open at one end, where the hoop 
is held, The other end of the box is movable, and when 
pushed in the cat is so crowded that it has to get, so it goes 
through the fire, She soon gets used to it and don’t mind the 
fire in the least. Yes, ‘cats are ten times harder to break than 
dogs,’ and unless perfectly broken they are always acting 
mean and uncertain. I haye only broken two,” 
“Dogs,” continued the Professor, “are far more satisfactory 
to work with than any other kind of animals. Since I first 
exhibited at the Tivoli I have broken a great number, some 
eighty dogs in all. Sixty of them were for my own use. I 
have now four troops—one with Ross, at Savannah, Ga, 
valued at $2,100; one in charge of Wingfield, with Doris’ cirens, 
in Texas, and another with Charles J. Greggory, in Michigan,” 
“A breaker of trick dogs must find it difficult to make a- 
proper selection of stock?” 
“Ves. In the first place, 1 never touch a dog until he is 
between one and two years old. He has then had the distem- 
per, and his body and mind have matured. I have tried all 
kinds of breeds, and my experience teaches me that the most 
discouraging dogs to teach are black and tan terriers. Pugs 
are always idiots. Setters and pointers are mean dogs to rely 
upon, and so are Scotch and Skye terriers. So no more of 
these kinds for me.” 
‘What are the easiest dogs to break?’ 
‘Why, Russian poodles, caniche, spaniels, greyhounds anil 
all cross breeds.” 
“Mongrels?” 
“Certainly. Ican almost always get good work out of the 
cross-bred dogs. ‘Why? Simply because they are generally 
yery intelligent. I know mongrels are despised, but it is 
wrongfully, They have twice the brains and pluck of most 
the ‘pure bloods,’ that are frequently stupid and timid from 
inbreeding. Take a collie, for instance, the most intelligent 
dog in the world, and by inbreeding for five generations you 
produce an idiot. This has been demonstrated in England. 
“When I began to break dogs years ago I used a whip, but 
I at once discarded it, for fear [might lose my temper some 
day and intimidate my pupil. One thing I can also say, I 
never once kicked a dog, as hundreds of dog owners do. Had 
I done so I could never have lifted my foot to walk that the 
dog would not have shrunk from me, I do all my breaking 
with a light check cord fastened to the dog’s collar, It takes 
me trom one to six mouths to thoroughly break a dog, the 
length of time depending entirely upon the disposition of 
the dog in hand. Some dogs are wonderfully quick to learn 
and immensely intelligent. I divide dogsin my business into 
two classes—jumpers and trick dogs. The former must have 
short backs, good loins and long legs. [have found greyhound 
bitches easy to break, even more so than the dogs of the same 
species, as the bitches seem to possess better dispositions. The 
trick dogs are selected for the act they are intended to do. 
“Dogs to walk on their forelegs, for instance, must possess a 
natural balance. This is not found in but one dog out of three 
hundred. For clown dogs Il always use poodles. They are 
always broken to work simply by the sight of certain objects, 
not by any special routine of programme. When my clown 
sees the hurdle he knows he is to crawl under it; when hesees 
the wicker hoop he sees he knows he is to creep through it, 
and soon. Some tricks are very easy to teach, while others 
are very laborious, Now, the strange thing of ibis thai the 
very hardest acts to teach a dog are those that are least ap- 
_preciated by the audience. For instance, it takes a long time 
to perfect a dog in putting on a collar and taking itof. But 
the most difficult of all is to break a dog to jumping on its 
‘hind legs, or walking on amoving object like a barrel. Jt has 
taken me months to put a dog in show order for the jumping 
act. Jtis far easier to break a dog to walk tp Broadway on 
two feet than to get one to jump ahurdle or skip a rope on 
its hindlegs. I have spent whole weeks in teaching a dog to 
jump a hurdle standing up. 1 begin by making it stand on its. 
hindlegs and follow me walking everywhere. Ithen place a 
low hurdle between us and call the dog to me, holding at the 
same time a piece of food high in the air. The dog will jump, 
but naturally tries to alight on all four feet, Before it can da 
so [ catch it under the chin with one hand and give it theserap 
of food with the other. This is repeated thousands of limes, 
until the dog alights in a standing position.” 
“But one would think,” said the reporter, ‘that the noise 
and confusion behind the scenes, and the glare of the foob- 
lights and applause of the audience in front, would distract 
the attention of the dogs?” 
“So it would if [ did not accustom the dogs to nnise and the 
gas beforehand, After I have gotten a dog perfect in his busi- 
ness I take him on the stage, light the footlights and have two 
men with big drums aod cymbals potnding away in the 
orchestra, At each exit in the wings I have a man stationed 
with awhip. Shouid the dog try to leave the stage he has to 
confront aman with a whip, He don’t fancy this, and back 
he comes, thinking 1 am his best friend in the world, He 
never attempts to run away again, 
“Dogs can be taught anything if the breaker only uses kind- 
ness and judgment, Iam now breaking two dogs to spar with 
hoxing gloves, Icall one Sullivan and the other Slade, They 
sit up and knock: each other out in the equare style. It seems 
strange to me that sportsmen, as a rule, do not use better 
broken dogs. 1 am fond of shooting, but | rarely see a doe 
whose education has not been sadly neglected. But it’s time 
forme to go on,” said the Professor, bidding the reporter good 
afternoon, and the reporter went to the front of the house, 
where he soon heard the audienee applauding vigorously the 
Ganines im their wonderful performance.—New York 
Herald, 
NEWPORT FOX HUNTING. | 
Editor Forest and Stream: i 
Your paper is usually so careful and accurate that T was 
astonished to find upon the first page of your issue of July 2 
the following words: ‘‘No society cculd eyer he formed in 
this country strong enough to bolster up the repute of such ex- 
hibitions as, for instance, are occasionally given by the New- 
port huntsmen in their chase of maimed foxes.” 
I cannot conceive what ground you have for intimating that 
the foxes are “‘maimed.” Cubs have been used, and, being 
young and strange to the country, they are usually run into 
by the hounds within a very short distance after being turned 
down at the end of the drag, which affords the real run. 
J have always ridden in these drag hunts and consider them 
one of the pleasantest additions to the summer life at New- 
port, and I have always strongly opposed the use of the fox ab 
ali, but the managers of the himt have an idea—erroneous, in 
my opinion—that the hounds would not continue to run well 
without finding a fox at the finish. 
This is a common belief among Hnglish fox hunters. bub in 
the regular hunting of wild foxes in Pennsylvania the hounds 
very rarely kill, owing to the earths not being stopped, and 
they do not seem to be any the less keen on that account, 
In old-fashioned bag hunts, got up at country taverns, foxes 
were no doubt sometimes crippled tor the purpose of causing 
the run to end near the starting point, so that the crowd col- 
lected unon the occasion would come back for refreshments, 
and for that reagon, among others, the well managed Pemisyl- 
yenia huuts set their faces against bag hunts of all kinds. 
Let the Newport hunt be responsible for its sins, whatever 
they may be, but do not accuse it unfairly, 
With reference to the first part of your article I firmly hbe- 
lieve that before long it will become necessary for horsemen 
and sportsmen to organizé some society to protect themselves 
against the fanaticism of the societies for the prevention of 
cruelty to animals which in some localities seem to desire to 
regulate the lives of their neighbors after the fashion of the 
Puritans and in much the same tentper. AIRMAN ROGERS, 
Neweort, R. I., July 25. 
[We did not mean to intimate that the foxes used in the 
Newport runs were always maimed, and we are very glad to 
know that the maiming is so rare that our correspondent, who 
has participated in the runs, knows nothing of it. That- 
Inaimed foxes have been turned out before the hounds at the 
end of a run at Newport we haye been informed by gentlemen 
who have themselves witnessed it, and in whose positive state- 
ments respecting it, we have (with all due regard to our cor- 
respondent’s negative testimony) entire confidence. It was 
upon such information that our remarks were based. ] 
CHAMPION BUSH.—£ditor Forest und Stream: In your 
issue of July 17, Mr. A. H. Waketield, the present owner of 
champion Bush, wishes to know if there are two English 
beagle bitches named champion Bush. J think IT can explain 
the matter, as Mr, Frank Kent has not done s0. I sold to Mr. 
Kent, Noy, 29, 1882, two bitches out of Bush, by Briar, The 
puppies I suppose Mr, Kent advertises are ont of one or the 
other bitch | sold him. That being the case, Bush is grand 
dam, and not dam, as Mr. Kent has led some to belieye.—W. 
H, ASHBURNER. ‘ , 7 
Monticello, N. ¥., July 2.—Hditor Forest and Stream: Y 
would say in reply to Mr. A, H. Wakefield, in your issue of 
July 17, that the beagle pups advertised by me are out of my 
Gypsy Queen, by Mr. N. Ehnore’s imported Ringwood; Gypsy 
Queen is out of champion bush by Bner, as per ny advertise- 
ment,—C. F, Kant. 
MASTIFF INFORMATION WANTED.—Verona, Pa., July 
14.— Editor Forest and Stream; Can any one give me any in- 
formation as to the address of a gentleman named La Fontaine, 
who lived in Charlestown, Mass., in 1857, and who owned a 
mastill; or can any one give me any information as bo mastills 
owned in St, Louis at about the same time, and which came 
trom Montreal? My reason for theinguiry is that Col. Garnier, 
the owner of Lion, the sire of Governor, writes that Mr. La 
Fontaine had a brother of Lion’s, and that his parents remained 
inthis country, and the best of their offspring went to St. Louis, 
Lam trying to trace out our early mastilfs, and information on 
these points will be of material service.—W. WADE. 
PHILADELPHIA DOG SHOW,—A great deal of enthu- 
siasm is shown already by canine owners in regard to the 
bench show to be held here in September next, and Philadel- 
phia alone will furnish a number of line animals for the exhi- 
bition. Our city firms are subscribing liberally in the matter 
of special prizes of value. if the list of these prizes should 
be closed now it would be as large as that of any yet held, 
The building to be used for the exhibition is new and large, 
and the appoiatments will be of the best order. Appleations 
are daily coming in. Judges will be appointed at next meet- - 
ing, in August,— Homo, 
LANCASTER DOG SHOW.—The Lancaster County Wan 
Association will hold a bench show in connection with their 
annual fair at Lancaster, Pa., commencing Sept, 1, and holding 
six days. “This is just three days too many tor a dog show, 
and we can assure the management that owners of Valuable 
dogs will not enter their dogs to be confined six days. If they 
will make their arrangements for the dogs to be exhibited the 
last three days of the fair only, they will be able to securea 
much larger entry with a better class of dogs than would 
come for six days, 
