FOREST AND STREAM. 
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CLLR APITTEETIOTIES SPEL EV EFELTELOPPE LEBEL DELI LELLEDLILEDEL LENE SCA BELEL DIDO EO DILESESOUPECAPLEPDLEOELES ET OTH EOD, 
DETAILS OF AFTER HATCHES. 
and the sides are straight with no tumble home, The waterlines of 
the boat are nearly straight, with very slight hoilow, the bottom 
resembling more than is usual in our canoes, the open Canadian 
boats. The keel is wide and flat, for a centerboard either of plate iron 
or of the folding varieties, and projects only 14in. outside of the gar- 
boards. This canoe is a little deeper amidships than is usual, with 
less sheer, and a high crown to the deck. 
The interior fittings may by arranged to suit the convenience of the 
crew, from the suggestions given in this and other plans in FoREsT 
AND STREAM, but the combination of after locker and hatch will be 
new to canoeists, and may be worth a trial. The idea of an extension 
of the well aft of the water-tight bulkhead was suggested by a plan of 
Mr. Baden-Powell’s, and the flat-hinged hatches are modeled on those 
of the Pearls at Grindstone Island this year, the designer only claim- 
ing credit for the combination of the two ideas and for the details, in- 
cluding the inner hatch. 
The movable bulkhead is placed 8ft. 3in. from the bow, and is 
slanted aft, giving an easier position to the body than when vertical. 
The after bulkhead is placed 9ft. 9in. from the bow, and is fitted so as 
to be water-tight up to the top of the coaming, which runs aft 15in. 
further, the bulkhead projecting 5-16in., or the thickness of the 
hatches, above the coaming. On the top of this bulkhead is screwed 
a strip of flatbrass (d), 3-32in, thick, and wide enough to project 3¢in. 
on each side of the latter; thus, if the bulkhead is 4in, thick,'the brass 
should be 14in. The cuddy hatch (b) is 5-16in. thick, fiat: with no 
erown, and extends from the fore side of the bulkhead t9 the shifting 
bulkhead, and may project a little over the latter. In width it ex- 
tends ¥gin. over the coaming on each side, allowing side pieces in, 
thick to be wailed to it, the latter extending down to the deck, ‘he 
grain should run athwartship, and the hatch may be strengthened by _ 
2 batten screwed to the under side, running fore and aft. The after 
hatch (@) is made in a similar manner, but extends aft of the well 
3gin., with a piece across the end as well as on thesides. The side 
pieces of both hatches meet at the joint shown. 
Both hatches turn on flat brass hinges with brass pins, which are 
riveted to the brass strip. and the hatches may be fastened with 
hooks and screweyes on deck, or with hasps and padlocks. The 
cuddy hatch is opened by turning it aft, while the after one turns 
forward, each when open lying flat on top of the other. The side 
pieces, reaching to the deck, keep out any spray or waves, and the 
brass strip, if not perfectly water-tight, may be madeso by a strip 
ot rubber cloth din. wide tacked to both hatches, covering the strip 
and its joints. Of course neither of these hatches will keep out all 
water when capsized, but they will be much dryer than the ordinary 
deck hatches. they cannot be lost or left behind, the cuddy hatch is 
quickly turned over out of the way, they are easily opened and shut 
und cannot drop. off and allow the contents to fall out if capsized, 
while being flat, they can be made very strong and willnot warp as 
all curved hatebes do. 
Now to make the after one water-tight, The coaming inside will 
be probably 2%in. deep or a little more, and around its lower edge, 
as well as across the bulkhead, a beading made of four strips g,g, 
each }4in. square, is screwed strongly, and on this beading is laid a 
smal] tube or band of soft rubber, The inner hatch (c) is a board 3¢in. 
thick, with two battens on the under side to prevent warping, and is 
large enough to fit neatly inside the coaming, resting on the rubber 
tube or washer. To hold this hatch down, a cross beam (e) is used, 
of oak lin, square at the middle, where a brass thumbscrew (f) passes 
through, and lin. wide by %in, thick atthe ends. It is lin. longer 
than the distance between the coaming to the bulkhead. This beam 
slips into two notches, one cut in the bulkhead, and one,in the coam- 
ing at after end of well, at such a height thatit can be slipped in 
freely, when the hatch (c) is in place, when a couple of turns of the 
thumbscrew (/) brings the hatch down firmly on the rubber. As this 
inner hatch isa flat board, and is completely protected from sun and 
water, it cahnot warp as exposed hatches do, and itis so covered by 
the outer hatch, that no water can reach it unless the boat has her 
masts level with the water. As for simplicity, in spite of the Jong ex- 
planation it is quickly worked, the outer hatch is unhooked and 
turned over, making a flat table on which to lay articles in packing, 
ee eee ae 
the thumbscrew is turned twice, the crossbeam and hatch lifted out, 
and allisopen. The thumbscrew may run into a socket inthe hatch, 
thus attaching the latter and the beam, and a lanyard made fast in- 
side, but long enough to allow the hatch to be lifted off, will prevent 
either being lost, so that there will be no detached parts, 
The inyentor was impressed at first with the originality as well as 
the undoubted yalue of this invention, and having in mind disputes 
that have arisen over rudders, sails, etc., determined to patent it 
before making it known, but having concluded on mature reflection 
that two of the main features, as mentioned above, were hardly 
original with him, and as it occurs that the idea of the inner hatch, 
rudder band, beam and thumbscrew, were stolen in youthful days 
with other sweets from the preserve closet, no caveat has yet been 
filed and the invention is freely and generously bestowed on all 
canoedledum. The objection may be made that the flat hatch is less 
graceful than the euryed one, but on the other hand it can be made 
much stronger, it will not warp, and will certainly be dryer, while 
folding flat on top, it takes little room when opened. If a tiller is 
used, it will fit in a socket like the whiffietree fastening and notoyer a 
pin. The fore end of the cuddy hatch should have a small beading to 
prevent any water running into the well. The drawiugs show a view 
from above, with the outer after hatch opened, side views with the 
same opened and closed, and a vertical section through the center, 
with details of beam and thumbscrew and brass-covered joint. 
With this division of the boat, the after end will be devoted to bed- 
ding, extra clothing and articles which must be kept dry, usually the 
lighter portion of the load, while forward will be stowed the mess 
chest, cooking traps, and heavier articles until a proper trim is ob- 
tained. 
The masts are stepped according to the latest practice of canoeists 
and if it were not tor the necessity of sometimes unstepping the 
mainmast while afloat, it would be better to place it 9in, further for- 
ward, or ldin. from the bow, and forracing it should beso placed, 
Both tubes are shown of the same size, 2in. at deck and 14 at bot- 
tom, so that the mizzen may be used forward in high winds. The 
rudder may be of the new drop form, or if of wood, 8gin. mahogany, 
will curve quickly aft from the waterline, so that it will not retain 
weeds or lines which may drift under it. 
The forward bulkhead is not shown, as canoeists now differ so 
much in their ideas as toits proper place. It may beso placed as to 
leave 7ft. between it and the after bulkhead, being made as tight as 
posible, or it may be omitted entirely, air tanks being used instead. 
The rig for cruising will be about 50 and 20ft., and for racing, 70ft. 
in the mainsail and about 25 in mizzen. 
The following construction isrecommended as the best, and if prop- 
erly fastened will be strong and light: Stem and stern, hackmatack 
knees with proper grain, lin. thick (sided); keel of white oak 34in. 
thick (34in. outside, 44 for rabbet, and 14 inside); width at center, Zin. 
outside and 3in. inside. No keel batten will be needed, the entire 
1abbet being worked in the keel. The planking will be of clear white 
cedar, 14in. thick, laid with 5gin. lap, the lands outside being rounded 
down at the ends. The upper streak, shown in the plans, will be of 
mareenys 3¢in, thick, and should be of strong, tough wood. This 
streak will be rabbeted on its lower edge, lapping in. over the streak 
below. The ribs will be of white oak, stave timber, 14x3¢in., spaced 
5in, apart, each running across from gunwale to gunwale, except at 
the extreme ends and abreast the centerboard trunk. They are fast- 
ened with copper nails cut off and rivetted over burrs, not copper 
tacks, except at the extreme ends. The weakest point of a canoe, 
especially those with flat keels, 1s the middle of the bottom, which in 
this boat is stiffened by the floor ledges. These, which are placed on 
each alternate rib, are of oak, or better, hackmatack, 3gin. thick, and 
deep enough to raise the floor 2or 244in. They will of course be 
straight on top, where the floor lies, and will fit the rib on the lower 
side. They are fastened with long, slim copper nails, through the 
laps and ribs, riveted on the upper side of the ledge. This construc- 
tion 1s both stronger and lighter than the use of a thicker keel. The 
decks will be of mahogany, 4in. thick, and will be screwed to the 
upper edge of the gunwale, which takes the place of inner wale, and 
beading, making a strong, light top. The general arrangement of 
deck frame and coaming has been fully described inthe papers on 
canoe building. ; ’ - 
In finishing the canoe the inside below decks is painted, inside of 
well, and entire outside is varnished, and a gold stripe 3gin. wide is 
laid along the mahogany upper streak, gin, from the lower edge. 
This gold stripe should be slightly below the surface of the streak, to 
protect it, a “cove” or groove being ploughed to receive it. 
MOHICAN C. 
Editor Forest and Stream. ; ' 
For want of a quorum—the cold probably deterring the Mohicans 
from visiting their club house—the regular monthly meeting was not 
held on the 5th inst., but on the 12th, at the rooms of the still cooped- 
up secretary. oy 
At a previous meeting an amendment to the constitution had been 
proposed as follows: 
Article VII, Membership. ’ q 
Sec. 8. The officers of the A. C. A shall, ex officio, be members of 
the Mohican G. C. without payment of initiation or dues. 
All the Mohicans present in meeting considered themselves honored 
by haying the offiers of the A, C. A. as fellow Mohicans, and voted 
rapturously for the adoption of the amendment. 
Captain Gibson offered a golden champion’s badge, to take the 
place of this year’s silver badge, and to be competed for by Class A and 
B canoes, without limits ef time, ballast or rig; the championship 
pennant to go with the badge. The silver badge of championship, 
this year’s sailing prize, has been converted into a challenge prize 
for racing in cruising rig, under the same conditions as heretofore. 
Two badges and the Oliyer Cup ought to enliven the racing season 
among the Mohicans next year. : ' 
The membership of the Mohicans has grown so large that they think 
of hiring a hall for the winter meetings and prospective camp-fires, 
if one can be found 18ft. high, to rig sails, and near a—well, a place 
where the talked-of candedical doings can be moistened, resp. 
floated. Fior DA LIcE, 
Auany, Nov. 14. 
C. 
PERSONAL.—Captain Louis F. Timmerman, one of the early mem- 
bers of the New York ©, C, and for many years a captain in the Alex- 
andre line, commanding the City of Washington and lately the 
Alexandria, died last week. 
THE KIT-KATS.—Big Foot,” with Mr. Fitler and two other “kit- 
tens,” is off on a canoeing and sketching trip down the Housatonic, 
in the Hiawatha and West Wind, both Rice Lake canoes. 
CANOE PHOTOS.—Mr. E. W. Hitehcock. of Canton, N, Y., has 
ready thirty photos of the last meet. A reduced copy of all the 
pictures will be sent for 15 cents, from which cauoeists can select such 
as they desire, 
Answers to Qorrespondents. 
te No Notice Taken of Anonymous Correspondents, 
SHARPSHOOTHR.—Read S. T. Hammond’s book ‘Training vs. Break- 
ing.” 
Cc. 8. W., N. ¥Y._See Forest anp Stream for Jan. 25 and Dec. 13, 
1883. 
F, C., Clyde, N. Y.—For a leg-of-mutton sail, make the mast 10fb, 
long and the boom ‘ft. 
L A. Van B.—See recent notes from Sullivan county, in our Game 
Bag and Gun columns. 
Frrcuson.—See recent notes from Lincoln, Nebraska, published in 
our Game Bag and Gun columns. 
W. M., Lynn, Mass.—For the map write to Colton Bros., map pub 
lishers, William street, New York. 
§. D., Grand Menan, N. B.—Wecan furnish you with Donaldson’s 
“Steam Machinery,” treating of the management of engines and 
boilers. Price, $2. 
F. M. T., Brockville, Canada.—We will publish'shortly a book on 
canoe building, giving lines and full instructions for building and fit- 
ting up canoes and boats. . 
H. R. H., Syracuse.—I have a Flobert rifle, 22-caliber; would Idam- 
age it for fine shooting by using shot cartridges? Ans, It is notadvis- 
able to use shot in a rifled barrel. 
C. V. N., Kansas City, Mo.—Will you please tell me what “jerked” 
venison means, how it is prepared, and why it is so called. Ans, 
Jerked yenison is the flesh of the deer cut into thin slices and dried 
usually without salt in the heat of the sun or over a fire. 
S. T., Centerville.—1. Which is‘ the most rapid firing arm, the 
Hotchkiss or the Winchester? 2. Which gives the best results at long 
range, a cartridge of .40-caliber, 70 grains, 330 lead, or the U. 8, Goy- 
ernment, .45-caliber, 70 grains, 405 lead? Ans, 1. The Winchester. 
2. The heavier bullet would give steadier shooting. 
A.J., Cambridge.—I have a setter dog who has lately formed a 
friendship with another dog living about half a mile away, and my 
dog, when loose, persists in spending all his time with his friend, not 
coming home until late in the evenmg. How can I break him of 
this habit? Ans. You will have to watch him while loose, and make 
him understand that he is nob torun off. We have sometimes put a 
clog on a dog, but cannot recommend the practice. 
Dew CuLAws, Philadelphia.—I have a very fine bred dog with double 
dew claws, which te me are not very pretty. If I cut one or both off 
would it detract from his points hereafter in case I exhibited him at 
a bench show? The reasonlask the question is because I believe 
dew claws are rated so many ‘“‘points,”” AmIwrong? Ans. Double 
dew claws are regarded as a blemish on some breeds and as beauties 
on others. You do not mention the strain to which your anima! be 
longs. 
PartTRiIDGE, Deering, Me.—1. Is asafcetida good to attract foxes? 2. 
Where can you obtain it? 3 Where is the nearest trout hatchery, and 
what is the name of the owner? Ans, 1. Itissaidtobe. 2. Atany 
drug store, 8. The nearest hatcheries to you are those of the State 
and United States at Bucksport and Orland, both is Hancock county, 
Write to Mr. Chas. G. Atkins, Assistant to the U. S. Fish Commission, 
Bucksport, or to Mr; H. H. Buck, at the same place, or to Mr. Henry 
Q. Stanley, Commissioner of Fisheries, Dixfield. > 
B. G., Galveston.—If, from the following meagre description, it is 
possible to telltho name of the bird referred to, you would greatly 
oblige me by doing so, In size, form and flight it resembled the com- 
mon sparrow hawk; infact, the only difference I was able to observe 
was in the plumage; which was pure white with black-tipped wings. 
Ans. Impossible to tell. You do not say whether you saw the bird in 
Greenland, Africa or Texas. There is a Southern United States hawk 
larger than the sparrow hawk, which is pure white below with black 
wing tips. It is the white-tailed kite (Hlanws glaucus), Perhaps 
this is your bird. 
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Homphrey’s Veterinary Manual (390 pp.) sent 
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THE CELLULOID MINNOW. 
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34 
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